Nemykina, Elena Aleksandrovna. Images of St. George and St. Demetrius in the monumental painting of Macedonia in the 14th century

This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no 20-18-00294-Р and performed in Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

Veneration of St. George and St. Demetrius was widely popular both in Byzantium and among the southern Slavs. As a rule, in numerous scientific studies dedicated to monuments associated with these saints, the main attention is paid to iconographic and stylistic features, while this paper considers the issue of influence on the spread of their cult, first of all, of the key aspects of the ideology of the Serbian rulers Nemanjići, examining the monuments of the Serbian medieval art located in Macedonia. Closer attention to individual iconographic subjects, from our point of view, can shed light on the complex and very diverse picture of the development of Serbian painting in the 14^th century and identify both its specifics and common points of contact with the Byzantine art. From this point of view, the appeal to the images of holy warriors can serve as one example of interaction between the Byzantine themes and local specifics, due to the general idea of preserving national self-identity within the framework of the general «byzantinization». It is no less interesting to trace and identify the reasons for the emphasis on national ideas and individual local characteristics during the reign of King Milutin, when the state ideology gradually became imperial, and their gradual smoothing out from about the 1340s, due to the specific political ambitions of King Stefan Dušan, who sought not as much towards integration into the Byzantine paradigm as practically towards its appropriation. In this historical and political context, it is interesting to trace how these events are reflected in the further spread of the cults of Sts. George and Demetrius, since, on the one hand, St. George is one of the most revered Byzantine saints, on the other hand, his veneration is closely connected with Stefan Nemanja (the founder of the Nemanjić dynasty and one of the main national Serbian saints). Iconography of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica had a close relationship with the main center of veneration of this saint — Thessalonica, where many iconographic variants arose, as well as with the surrounding Greek and Slavic lands. In addition, this saint was closely associated with the Palaiologan dynasty, and the city, whose patron he was, became important during the reign of King Milutin, for the Serbian rulers also.

Alpatov, Mikhail Vladimirovich. Obraz Georgiya-voina v iskusstve Vizantii i drevney Rusi [The image of St. George the warrior in the art of Byzantium and Old Rus’], in Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury. Vol. XII. Moscow, Leningrad: AN SSSR Publ., 1956. Pp. 292–310. (in Russian).

Arhiepiskop Danilo II. Žhivoti kraljeva i arhiepiskopa srpskih [Archbishop Daniel II. Lives of the Serbian kings and archbishops]. Belgrade: Srpska knjizhevna zadruga Publ.; Prosveta Publ., 1988. 339 р. (in Serbian).

Babić, Gordana. Kraljeva crkva u Studenici [The Kings Church in Studenica]. Belgrade: Prosveta Publ.; Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 1987. 274 p. (in Serbian).

Babić, Gordana. O zhivopisnom ukrasu oltarskih pregrada [On the fresco decoration of the choir screen], in Zbornik za likovne umetnosti. 1975. No. 11. Pp. 1–41. (in Serbian).

Babić, Gordana; Korać, Voјislav; Ćirković, Sima. Studenica [Studenica monastery]. Belgrade: Jugoslovenska revija Publ., 1986. 200 p. (in Serbian).

Bauer, Franz Alto. Eine Stadt und ihr Patron: Thessaloniki und der Heilige Demetrios [A city and its patron: Thessaloniki and St. Demetrios]. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner Publ., 2013. 480 p. (in German).

Charalampidis, Konstantinos. The iconography of military saints in Middle and Late Byzantine Macedonia, in Byzantine Macedonia: Papers from the Melbourne Conference July 1995. Melbourne, 2001. Pp. 80–87.

Čanak-Medić, Milka. Etape izgradnje Đurđevih Stupova u Budimlji [Stages of the construction of Đurđevi Stupovi in Budimlja], in Zograf. 1980. No. 11. Pp. 20–28. (in Serbian).

Čanak-Medić, Milka; Popović, Danica; Voјvodić, Dragan. Manastir Žića [Žića monastery]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 2014. 578 p. (in Serbian).

Davidov-Temerinski, Aleksandra. Bogorodica Ljevishka u Prizrenu [The Theotokos of Ljeviška church in Prizren]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 2017. 79 p. (in Serbian).

Djurić, Vojislav. L’art des Paléologues et l État serbe. Rôle de la Cour et de l’Église serbes dans la première moitié du XIV siècle [The art of the Paleologians and the Serbian state. Role of the Serbian Court and Church in the first half of the 14^th century], in Art et Société à Byzance sous les Paléologues. Actes du Colloque organisé par l’Association Internationale des Études Byzantines à Venise en Septembre 1968. Venise, 1971. Pp. 179–191. (in French).

Dyatlova, Elena. Deesis in the wall paintings of the Macedonia in the 12^th–13^th centuries: iconographic aspects and development, in Rakocija, Misha (ed.). Niš i Vizantija: Zbornik radova [Niš and Byzantium: Proceedings]. Vol. 21. Nish: Nishki kulturne centar Publ., 2023. Pp. 325–338.

Đorđević, Ivan. Der Heilige Demetrius in den serbischen adligen Stiftungen aus der Zeit der

Nemaniden [St. Demetrius in the Serbian noble foundations during the reign of Nemanichi], in Samardžić, Radovan; Davidov, Dinko (eds.). L’art de Thessalonique et des pays balkaniques et lescourants spirituels au XIVe siècle: Recueil des rapports du IVe Colloque serbo-grec, Belgrade 1985 [The art of Thessalonica and the Balkan countries and spiritual currents in the 14^th century: Collection of reports from the 4^th Serbo-Greek colloquium, Belgrade 1985]. Belgrade: Académie serbe des sciences et des arts Publ.; Institut des études balkaniques Publ., 1987. Pp. 67–73. (in German).

Đorđević, Ivan. O slikanim programima srpskih crkava XIII stoleća [On the programs of painting in Serbian churches of the 13^th century], in Živković, Tibor (ed.) Kralj Vladislav i Srbiјa XIII veka [The King Vladislav and Serbia of the 13^th century]. Belgrade: Istoriјski institut Publ., 2003. Pp. 147–164. (in Serbian).

Đorđević, Ivan. Zidno slikarstvo srpske vlastele u doba Nemanjića [Wall paintings of the Serbian nobles during the reign of Nemanjić]. Belgrade: Filozofski fakultet Publ., 1994. 309 p. (in Serbian).

Đurić, Voјislav. Pomenik svetogorskog Protata s kraјa XIV veka [Memorial of the Protaton of Mount Athos from the end of the 14^th century], in Zbornik radova Vizantoloshkog instituta. 1981. No 20. Pp. 139‒167. (in Serbian).

Đurić, Voјislav. Sopoćani [Sopoćani monastery]. Belgrade: Prosveta Publ.; Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ.; Prishtina: Jedinstvo Publ., 1991. 246 p. (in Serbian).

Đurić, Vojislav. Sveti Sava i slikarstvo njegovog doba [St. Sava and painting of its period], in Đurić, Voјislav (ed.) Sava Nemanić — Sveti Sava. Istorija i predanje [Sava Nemanić — St. Sava. History and tradition: Collection of articles]. Vol. VII. Belgrade: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Publ., 1979. Pp. 245–261. (in Serbian).

Đurić, Vojislav. Tri događaja u srpskoj drzhavi 14 veka i njihov odjek u slikarstvu [Three events in the Serbian state in the 14^th century and their image in the painting], in Zbornik za likovne umetnosti. 1968. No. 4. Pp. 66–115. (in Serbian).

Đurić, Vojislav. Vizantiyskie freski. Srednevekovaya Serbiya, Dalmaciya, slavyanskaya Makedoniya [Byzantine frescoes. Medieval Serbia, Dalmatia, Slavic Macedonia]. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2000. 592 p. (in Russian).

Gabelić, Smiljka. Manastir Lesnovo. Istorija i slikarstvo [Lesnovo Monastery. History and painting]. Belgrade: Stubovi kulture Publ., 1998. 305 p. (in Serbian).

Gligorijević-Maksimović, Mirjana. Osobenosti khagiografskikh ciklusa u srpskom i vizantijskom slikarstvu [Peculiarities of hagiographic cycles in Serbian and Byzantine painting], in Zbornik radova Vizantoloshkog instituta. 1998. No. 37. Pp. 155–165. (in Serbian).

Grabar, André. Quelques réliquaires de Saint Démétrios et le Martyrium du Saint a Salonique, in Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 1950. No. 5. Pp. 3–28. (in French).

Grotowski, Piotr. Arms and armour of the Warrior Saints, Tradition and innovation in Byzantine iconography (843–1261). Leiden, the Netherlands; Boston: Brill Publ., 2010. 625 p.

Grotowski, Piotr. The Legend of St. George Saving a Youth from Captivity and its Depiction in Art, in Series Byzantina. Vol. I. Warszawa: Neriton Publ., 2003. Pp. 27–77.

Gubareva, Oksana Vitalyevna; Turtsova, Nina Mihaylovna. Velikomuchenik Georgiy Pobedonosets [St. George the Victorious]. St. Petersburg: Metropress SPb Publ., 2013. 76 p. (in Russian).

Hadermann-Misguich, Lydie. Kurbinovo. Les fresques de Saint-Georges et la peinture byzantine du XIIe siècle [Kurbinovo. The frescoes of St. George and Byzantine painting from the 12^th century]. Bruxelles: Editions de Byzantion Publ., 1975. 606 p. (in French).

Kandić, Olivera; Popović, Svetlana; Zarić, Radojka. Manastir Mileševa [Mileševa monastery]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 1995. 30 p. (in Serbian).

Kisas, Sotiris. Omorfoklisija. Zidne slike crkve Svetog Đorđa kod Kastorije [Omorfoklisija. The wall paintings in the church of St. George near Kastoria]. Belgrade: Vizantoloshki institut Srpske Akademije nauka i umetnosti Publ., 2008. 55 p. (in Serbian).

Kisas, Sotiris. Srpski srednjovekovni spomenice u Solunu [Serbian medieval monuments in Thessaloniki], in Zograf. 1980. No. 11. Pp. 29–43. (in Serbian).

Korać, Voјislav. Sveti Sava i program Rashkog hrama [St. Sava and the program of the churches of Raška], in Đurić, Voјislav (ed.) Sava Nemanić — Sveti Sava. Istorija i predanje. [Sava Nemanić — St. Sava. History and tradition: Collection of articles]. Vol. VII. Belgrade: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Publ., 1979. Pp. 231–244. (in Serbian).

Kostovska, Petrula. Programata na zhivopisot na crkvata Sv. Nikola vo Varoš kaj Prilep i nejzinata funkcija kako grobna kapela [Painting program of St. Nicholas church in Varosh near Prilep], in Zbornik za srednovekovnata umetnost na muzej na Makedonija. 2001. No. 3. Pp. 50–77. (in Macedonian).

Kostovska, Petrula. Sveti Nikola Manastir. Srednovekovno slikarstvo [St. Nicholas monastery. Medieval painting]. Skopje: Kalamus Publ., 2020. 443 p. (in Macedonian).

Lazarev, Viktor Nikitich. Noviy pamyatnik v stankovoy zhivopisi 12 veka i obraz Georgiya-voina v vizantiyskom i drevnerusskom iskusstve [New monument in the easel painting of the 12^th century and the image of St. George the Warrior in the Byzantine and Old Russian art], in Vizantiyskiy Vremennik. Vol. VI (31). 1953. Pp. 186–222. (in Russian).

Likhenko, Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna. Freski tserkvi Svyatogo Georgiya v Omorfokklisii (Kastoriya) 1295–1317 godov i ih hudozhestvenniy kontekst [Frescoes of Saint George church in Omorfokklisia, Kastoria (1295–1317) and its artistic context], in Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art. Vol. 10. Pp. 787–798. DOI 10.18688/aa200-7-73. (in Russian).

Likhenko, Anastasia Vjacheslavovna. Freski cerkvi Svyatogo Dimitriya Jeleusis v Kastorii kak primer formirovaniya lokal’nyh arhaiziruyushhih tendenciy [Frescoes of the Church of St. Demetrius Eleusis in Kastoria as an example of the formation of local archaizing tendencies], in Actual problems of theory and history of art. Vol. 13. 2023. Pp. 780–791. DOI 10.18688/aa2313-11-64. (in Russian).

Malmquist, Tatiana. Byzantine 12^th century frescoes in Kastoria. Uppsala: Borgströms Tryckeri Publ., 1979. 199 p.

Maltseva, Svetlana Vladislavovna. Pridely v serbskikh khramakh 13 – pervoy poloviny 14 veka [Subsidiary chapels in Serbian churches of the 13^th – the first half of the 14^th century], in Vizantiyskiy Vremennik. Vol. 71 (96). 2012. Pp. 177–199. (in Russian).

Maltseva, Svetlana Vladislavovna. Stroiteli Milutina i Dushana kak provodniki imperskoj ideologii v Makedonii [The Builders of Milutin and Dušan as Agents of Imperial Ideology in Macedonia], in Actual problems of theory and history of art. Vol. 12. 2022. Pp. 856–881. DOI 10.18688/аа2212-10-68. (in Russian).

Marković, Miodrag. Mihailo Astrapa i freske Kraljeve crkve u Studenici [Michael Astrapa and the frescoes of Studenica monastery], in Maksimović, Ljubomir; Vukašinović, Vladimir (eds.). Manastir Studenica: 700 godina Kraljeve crkve [Studenica Monastery: 700 years of the King’s Church]. Belgrade: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Publ., 2016. Pp. 173–183. (in Serbian).

Marković, Miodrag. O ikonografiјi svetih ratnika u istochno-hrišćanskoy umetnosti i o predstavama ovih svetitelja u Dećanima [On the iconography of holy warriors in Eastern Christian art and about the representations of these saints in Decani monastery], in Zidno slikarstvo manastira Dečani: Građa i studije [Wall painting of Dečani monastery: Materials and studies], Đurić, Vojislav (ed.). Belgrade: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Publ., 1995. Pp. 567–626. (in Serbian).

Marković, Miodrag. Sveti Nikita kod Skoplja. Zadužbina kralja Milutina [St. Nicetas near Skopje. A foundation of King Milutin]. Belgrade: Sluzhbeni glasnik Publ., 2015. 375 p. (in Serbian).

Mark-Weiner, Temily. Narrative cycles of the Life of St. George in Byzantine art: Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1977. 628 p.

Mijović, Pavle. Tsarska ikonografija u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj umetnosti [Imperial iconography in Serbian medieval art], in Starinar. 1967. No. 18. Pp. 103–117. (in Serbian).

Miljkoviќ-Pepek, Petar. Deloto na zografite Mihailo i Eutihij [The works of artists Michael and Euthychus]. Skopje: Goce Delčev Publ., 1967. 288 р. (in Macedonian).

Mutsopoulos, Nikolas. Ekklisis tis Kastorias. 9–11 eonas [Churches of Kastoria. 9^th–11^th century]. Thessaloniki: Paratiritis Publ., 1992. 564 p. (in Greek).

Nemykina, Elena. Deesis in the wall paintings of Macedonia during period of Serbian rule: iconographic aspects and development, in Rakocija, Misha (ed.). Niš i Vizantija: Zbornik radova. [Niš and Byzantium: Proceedings]. Vol. 21. Nish: Nishki kulturne centar, 2023. Pp. 339–352.

Nemykina, Elena Aleksandrovna. Imperskaya ideologiya v zaduzhbinakh Dušana Sil’nogo i ego vel’mozh v Makedonii [Imperial ideology expressed in the church architecture of the Tsar Dušan the Mighty and his Nobles in Macedonia], in Actual problems of theory and history of art. Vol. 11. 2021. Pp. 492–500. (in Russian). DOI 10.18688/aa2111-04-38

Nemykina, Elena Aleksandrovna. Transformatsiya ideologii Nemanichey v pamyatnikakh epohi Milutina (1282–1321) na zavoevannykh makedonskikh territorijakh [Transformation of the Nemanichi’s ideology in the monuments of the Milutin era (1282–1321) in the conquered Macedonian territories], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2020. No. 2 (28). Pp. 89–106. (in Russian). DOI 10.21638/spbu19.2020.206

Obolensky, Dmitri. The cult of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki in the history of Byzantine-Slav relations, in Balkan studies. 1974. № 15. Pp. 3–20.

Panić, Draga; Babić, Gordana. Bogorodica Ljeviška [The Theotokos of Ljeviška church]. Prishtina: NIJP «Panorama» Publ.; Beograd: Srpska knjizhevna zadruga Publ., 1988. 160 p. (in Serbian).

Pazaras, Nikolaos. Ikonografiki tipi tu Agiu Dimitriu [Iconographical types of St. Demetrius], in O agios Dimitrios stin tehni tu Agiu Orus [St. Demetrius in the art of Mount Athos]. Thessaloniki: Agioritiki Estia Publ., 2005. Pp. 37–48. (in Greek).

Pelekanidis, Stylianos; Chatzidakis, Manolis. Kastoria. Mosaics — Wall Paintings. Byzantine Art in Greece. Athens: Melissa Publ., 1985. 108 p.

Popović, Danica. Nacionalni panteon — svetachki kultovi u temeljima srpske derzhavnosti i crkvenosti [National pantheon — saint cults in the foundations of Serbian statehood and ecclesiasticism], in Vojvodić, Dragan; Popović, Danica (eds). Sakralna umetnost srpskih zemalja u srednjem veku [Sacral art of the Serbian lands in the Middle Ages]. Belgrade: Službeni glasnik Publ., 2016. Pp. 119–131. (in Serbian).

Popović, Danica. Srpski vladarski grob u srednjem veku [Serbian royal tomb in the Middle Ages]. Belgrade: Institut za istoriju umetnosti Filozofskog fakulteta Publ., 1992. 214 p. (in Serbian).

Radojchić, Svetozar. Mileševa [Mileševa monastery]. Belgrade: Srpska knjizhevna zadruga Publ.; Prosveta Publ.,1963. 92 p. (in Serbian).

Sinkević, Ida. The Church of St. Panteleimon at Nerezi: Architecture, programme, patronage. Wiesbaden: Reichert Publ., 2000. 209 p.

Sisiou, Ioannis. Agios Georgios o Megas Dukas — ikona tu Musiu Kastorias [St. George the Grand Duke — icon of the Kastoria Museum], in Zograf. 2014. No. 38. Pp. 99–112. (in Greek).

Smolchić-Makuljević, Svetlana. Carski deisis i Nebeski dvor u slikarstvu XIV veka manstira Treskavac. Ikonografski program severne kupole priprate crkve Bogorodichnog Uspenja [Imperial deisis and the Heavenly Court in the painting of the 14^th century in Treskavac monastery. The iconographic program of the northern dome of the narthex of the church of the Assumption], in Maksimović, Ljubomir; Radoshević, Ninoslava; Radulović, Ema (eds.). Treća jugoslovenska konferencija vizantologa: Studije i monografije [The Third Yugoslav conference of Byzantologists: Studies and monographs]. Vol. 2. Belgrade: Vizantoloshki institut SANU Publ.; Krushevac: Narodni muzej Publ., 2002. Pp. 463–472. (in Serbian).

Todić, Branislav. Graćanica: Slikarstvo [Graćanica monastery: Paintings]. Belgrade: Prosveta Publ.; Prishtina: Jedinstvo Publ.,1988. 421 p. (in Serbian).

Todić, Branislav. Staro Nagorićino [Staro Nagorichino]. Belgrade: Prosveta Publ., 1993. 238 p. (in Serbian).

Todić, Branislav. Zidno slikarstvo u doba kralja Milutina [Monumental painting in the reign of king Milutin]. Belgrade: Kultura Publ., 1998. 395 p. (in Serbian).

Todić, Branislav; Čanak-Medić, Milka. Manastir Dećani [Dećani Monastery]. Belgrade: Muzey u Prishtini Publ.; Centar za ochuvanje nasleđa Kosova i Methohije Publ.; Srpski pravoslavni manastir Visoki Dećani Publ., 2005. 536 p. (in Serbian).

Tomić-Đurić, Marka. Ideјne osnove tematskog programa zhivopisa crkve Svetog Dimitriya u Markovom manastiru: Doktorska disertacija [Conceptual aspects of the thematic program of painting of St. Dimitriy church in St. Mark’s monastery: Doctoral dissertation]. Beograd, 2017. 954 p.

Tomić Djurić, Marka. Monumental painting in the Mrnjavčević state and Late Medieval Novgorod: Parallels in program and iconography, in Actual problems of theory and history of art. 2019. Vol. 9. Pp. 339–349. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa199-2-30

Vasilyev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Istoriya Vizantiyskoy imperii [History of the Byzantine Empire]. St. Petersburg: Aleteya Publ., 2013. 584 p. (in Russian).

Voјvodić, Dragan. Zidno slikarstvo crkve Svetog Akhilije u Arilju [Wall paintings of the St. Achileos church in Arilje]. Belgrade: Stubove kulture Publ., 2005. 245 p. (in Serbian).

Zakharova, Anna Vladimirovna; Dyatlova, Elena Sergeevna. O stroitelyakh i khudozhnikakh, rabotavshikh v makedonskom Prilepe v kontse XIII v. [On the builders and painters active in Prilep, North Macedonia, in the end of the 13^th century], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2020. No. 2 (28). Pp. 46–72. (in Russian).

Zakharova, Anna Vladimirovna; Maltseva, Svetlana Vladislavovna. Pridely v serbskikh khramakh epokhi Dushana Sil’nogo (1331–1355) [Subsidiary chapels in Serbian churches in the reign of the Dušan the Mighty (1331–1355)], in Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 8. Istoriya. 2013. No. 3. Pp. 125–144. (in Russian).

Walter, Christopher. The Origins of the Cult of Saint George, in Revue des études byzantines. 1995. No. 53. Pp. 295–326.

Walter, Christopher. The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition. Aldershot, Ashgate: Routledge Publ., 2003. 384 p.

Xyngopoulos, Andreas. O Agios Dimitrios is tin bizantinin ikonografian [St. Demetrius in Byzantine iconography]. Thessaloniki: Panepistimion Publ., 1950. 15 p. (in Greek).

Zidno slikarstvo manastira Dečani: Građa i studije [Wall painting of Dečani monastery: Materials and studies], Đurić, Vojislav (ed.). Belgrade: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Publ., 1995. 643 p. (in Serbian).

Živković, Branislav. Graćanica: Tsrtezhi fresaka [Gračanica monastery: Drawings of frescoes]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 1998. 103 p. (in Serbian).

Živković, Branislav. Mileševa: tsrtezhi fresaka [Mileševa monastery: Drawings of frescoes]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 1992. 55 p. (in Serbian).

Živković, Branislav. Sopoćani: Tsrtezhi fresaka [Sopoćani monastery: Drawings of frescoes]. Belgrade: Republichki zavod za zashtitu spomenika kulture Publ., 1984. 42 p. (in Serbian).

Živković, Miloš. Najstarije zidno slikarstvo Bogorodičine crkve u Studenici i njegova obnova u XVI veku [The oldest wall painting of the Theotokos church in Studenica and its restoration in the 16^th century]: Dissertation for the degree of doctor of science. Univerzitet u Beograd, 2019. 643 p. (in Serbian).

Živković, Miloš. Warrior saints at Nerezi — the selection of figures and other remarks on their iconography, in Zbornik radova Vizantoloshkog instituta. 2022. No. 59. Pp. 211–249.

Život Stefana Nemanje od kralja Stefana Prvovenchanog [Life of Stefan Nemanja written by the King Stefan the First Crowned], in Milisavac, Zhivan (ed.) Stara srpska knjizhevnost [Old Serbian literature. Vol. 1. Novi Sad, Belgrade: Matica srpska Publ.; Srpska knjizhevna zadruga Publ., 1970. Pp. 73–115. (in Serbian).