Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Slovenin of the «Russkaya Pravda» and Slovene of the «Tale of Bygone Years»

Modified Date
Published Date:
Title of the article Slovenin of the «Russkaya Pravda» and Slovene of the «Tale of Bygone Years»
Authors Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich — Ph. D. in History, Associate Professor, research member of the Research Centre «Actual Archaeology», St. Petersburg, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Scopus ID 57195249408, AuthorID 407368
In the section Commentarii / Articles   
Year 2017 Issue 1 Pages 39-51
Type of article RAR Index UDK; BBK UDK 94(4); BBK 63.3(0)32 Index DOI 10.21638/11701/spbu19.2017.103
Abstract

The term Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law (1010s) is considered in this article as the basis for interpretation of information about that population at the lake Ilmen’ region, which was named Slovene in the chronicles since the late 1030s. In Yaroslav’s Law Slovenin was opposed to the prince’s Rusin. The Slovenin, like the izgoy mentioned in the immediate neighborhood of him, was not included in the system of relations of the prince’s men, and this system did not determine their social status. The proximity of terms Slovene and Novgorodtzi in the annalistic articles of 1018 and 1036 indicates that the owners of mansions at the boroughs of Novgorod (the local boyars) — and not the inhabitants of Rurik’s hill-fort (original Novgorod) — started to be named as Novgorodians right after transmission of the prince’s residence in the first half of 1010s to the locality, which was called Yaroslav’s Court. Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law reflects day-to-day ethnosocial lexis of Novgorod in the early 11th century and this makes understandable the political context of begining of perception of Slovene as the name of Novgorodians by Russian annalistic tradition, which was formed during the late 1030s. The Annalist, as is seen from the entry of 1036, did not make difference between Slovene and Novgorodians, but the mention of the latter in Yaroslav’s Law was inadmissible because of the socio-topographic uncertainty of the toponym Novgorod in the 1010s.

Annalistic Slovene at the lake Ilmen’ region in the 9th–10th centuries is the secondary and hypothetical concept in relation to Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law. Actually we know nothing about the existence of ethnonym Slovene somewhere in upper reach of the Volkhov river during the 9th century. The Annalist undoubtedly projected the meaning of the legal term of Yaroslav’s Law to the Novgorod Slovene of annalistic narratives. Thus, the annalistic passage of the difference between the sails of Slovene and Rus’, who participated in the campaign of Oleg to Constantinople, looks like a rather artificial transfer of the problem of their inequality, which was actual for early 11th century Novgorod, to the year 907. At the time when traditions referring to the events of the 9th–10th centuries were fixed by the developed Old Russian annalistic tradition, the term Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law was not completely forgotten. Reproduction of Slovenin in the extensive edition of Russian Law (the early 12th century) is anachronism but nevertheless it testifies to at least «passive» existence of this ethnosocionym during the whole 11th century. However, the name Slovenin mentioned among other ethnonyms in the canonical answers of the Novgorod Bishop Nifont (1131–1156) seems to have already a wide meaning «Slav», typical for the Old Russian literary tradition.

Keywords Slovene, Slavic identity, Russkaya Pravda, Tale of Bygone Years
Full text version of the article. Article language Russian
References
  • Cherepnin, Lev Vladimirovich. Obshchestvenno-politicheskiye otnosheniya v drevney Rusi i Russkaya Pravda [Social and political relations in ancient Rus’ and the Russkaya Pravda], in Drevnerusskoye gosudarstvo i yego mezhdunarodnoye znacheniye [The Old Russian state and its international significance]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1965. P. 128–274.

    Gippius, Aleksey Alekseevich. Skandinavskiy sled v istorii novgorodskogo boyarstva(v razvitie gipotezy A. A. Molchanova o proiskhozhdenii posadnichyego roda Gyuryatinichey-Rogovichey) [Scandinavian trace in the history of the Novgorod boyars (in the development of the hypothesis of A. A. Molchanov about the origin of the posadniks clan of the Gyuryatinichi-Rogovichi)], in Slavica Helsingiensia. 2006. Vol. 27 (The slavicization of the Russian North: mechanisms and chronology). P. 93–108 (in Russian).

    Grinev, Nikolay Nikolaevich. Kratkaya redaktsiya Russkoy Pravdy kak istochnik po istorii Novgoroda XI v.[The Short Edition of the Russkaya Pravda as a source on the history of 11th century Novgorod], in Novgorodskiy istoricheskiy sbornik. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1989. Vol. 3 (13). P. 20–42 (in Russian).

    Khaburgayev, Georgiy Aleksandrovich. Etnonimiya «Povesti vremennykh let» v svyazi s zadachami rekonstruktsii vostochnoslavyanskogo glottogeneza [Ethnonymy of the «Tale of Bygone Years» in connection with the tasks of reconstruction of East Slavic glottogenesis]. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1979. 232 p.

    Kilina, Liliya Faatovna. O kategorial’nom statuse slova «lyubo» v drevnerusskom yazyke [On the categorical status of the word «lyubo» in the Old Russian language], in Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo [Newsletter of Nizhniy Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky]. Philology. 2012. No. 5 (3). P. 40–45 (in Russian).

    Kirpichnikov, Anatoliy Nikolaevich; Dubov, Igor’ Vasilievich; Lebedev, Gleb Sergeevich. Rus’ i varyagi (russko-skandinavskie otnosheniya domongol’skogo vremeni) [Rus and Vikings (Russian-Scandinavian relations of pre-Mongolian time)], in Slavyane i skandinavy[Slavs and Scandinavians]. Moscow: Progress Publ., 1986. P. 189–297 (in Russian).

    Kuz’min, Sergey Leonidovich. O sotsial’no-politicheskoy strukture Novgoroda i Novgorodskoy zemli vo vtoroy polovine IX – nachale XI v.[On the socio-political structure of Novgorod and Novgorod land in the second half of the 9th – early 11th centuries], in Novgorod i Novgorodskaya zemlya. Istoriya i arkheologiya (Tezisy nauchnoy konferentsii) [Novgorod and the Novgorod land. History and archeology. (Abstracts of the scientific conference)]. Novgorod, 1992. P. 113–119 (in Russian).

    Lebedev, Gleb Sergeevich. Kommentariy k stat’ye 1 Russkoy Pravdy Kratkoy redaktsii [A commentary on the article 1 of the Short Edition of the Russkaya Pravda], in Problemy otechestvennoy i vseobshchey istorii. Vol. 10 (Genezis i razvitie feodalizma v Rossii. Problemy ideologii i kul’tury. K 80-letiyu prof. V. V. Mavrodina) [Problems of domestic and world history. Vol. 10 (The Genesis and development of feudalism in Russia. Problems of ideology and culture. To the 80th anniversary of Prof. V. V. Mavrodin)].Leningrad: Leningrad University Press, 1987. P. 78–84 (in Russian).

    Lebedev, Gleb Sergeevich. Etnograficheskie svedeniya arabskikh avtorov o slavyanakh i rusakh [Ethnographic information of the Arab authors about the Slavs and the Rus’], in Iz istorii feodal’noy Rossii. Stat’i i ocherki k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya prof. V. V. Mavrodina [From the history of feudal Russia. Articles and essays on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of prof. V. V. Mavrodin].Leningrad: Leningrad University Press, 1978. P. 21–24 (in Russian).

    Machinskiy, Dmitry Alekseevich. Pochemu i v kakom smysle Ladogu sleduet schitat’ pervoy stolitsey Rusi [Why and in what sense should Ladoga be considered the first capital of Rus’], in Ladoga i Severnaya Evraziya ot Baikala do La-Mansha. Svyazuyushchie puti i organizuyushchie tsentry. Shestye chteniya pamyati Anny Machinskoi. Staraya Ladoga, 21–23 dekabrya 2001 g. Sbornik statey[Ladoga and Northern Eurasia from Lake Baikal to the English Channel. Connecting paths and organizing centers. The Sixth readings dedicated to the memory of Anna Machinskaya. Staraya Ladoga, December 21–23, 2001. Collection of articles]. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 5–38 (in Russian).

    Meichik, David Markovich. Russkaya Pravda XI veka (Po povodu sochineniya prof. N. A. Maksimeyko «Opyt kriticheskogo issledovaniya “Russkoi Pravdy”». Vyp. 1)[Rus’ Law of the 11th century (Concerning Prof. N. A. Maksimeyko’s work «The experience of a critical investigation of the Rus’ Law». Vol. 1)], in Yuridicheskiy vestnik. Moscow, 1915. Vol. XII (IV). P. 78–100 (in Russian).

    Mishin, Dmitriy Evgenyevich.Sakaliba (slavyane) v islamskom mire v rannee Srednevekov’e[Sakaliba (Slavs) in the Islamic world in the early Middle Ages].Moscow:Kraft + Publ., 2002. 368 p. (in Russian).

    Nosov, Evgeniy Nikolaevich. Novgorodskoe (Ryurikovo) gorodishche[Novgorod (Ryurikovo) Gorodishche]. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1990. 216 p. (in Russian).

    Perkhavko, Valeriy Borisovich. Kupechestvo i vlast’ v srednevekovoy Rusi [Merchants and power in medieval Russia], inDoklady Instituta rossiyskoy istorii RAN. 1995–1996 gg. [Reports of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 1995–1996].Moscow, 1997. P. 63–103 (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. «Novgorodstii lyudie» IX – nachala XI vv. v drevnerusskoy letopisnoy traditsii [«Novgorod people» of the 9th – early 11th centuries in the Old Russian chronicle tradition], in Arkheologiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoi zemli. 1993. Materialy seminara[Archeology and history of Pskov and the Pskov land. 1993. Materials of the seminar]. Pskov, 1994. P. 44–47 (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. О«plemenakh» v «Povesti vremennykh let» (etnicheskaya gruppa i termin pis’mennogo istochnika) [On the «tribes» in the «Tale of Bygone Years» (an ethnic group and a term of a written source)], inSkify. Khazary. Slavyane. Drevnyaya Rus’. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya, posvyashchennaya 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora M. I. Artamonova. Sankt-Peterburg, 9–12 dekabrya 1998 g. Tezisy dokladov [Scythians. Khazars. Slavs. Ancient Rus’. International scientific conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Professor M. I. Artamonov. St. Petersburg, December 9–12, 1998. Abstracts]. St. Petersburg, 1998. P. 151–153 (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Povolkhov’e i il’menskoe Poozer’e vIX–X vv. [The Volkhov region and Ilmen lake areain the 9th–10th centuries]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 1996. 100 p. (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. «Slovene» (il’menskie) i «kul’tura sopok» [The (Ilmen) «Slovene» and the «culture of the sopka-barrows»], in Proshloe Novgoroda i Novgorodskoi zemli. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy nauchnoy konferentsii[The past of Novgorod and the Novgorod land. Abstracts of reports and communications of the scientific conference].Novgorod, 1994. P. 9–12 (in Russian).

    Petrukhin, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Novgorodtsy ot «roda varyazh’ska»? [Novgorodians of the «Varangian origin»?], inDialog kul’tur i narodov srednevekovoy Evropy. K 60-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya E. N. Nosova [Dialogue of cultures and peoples of medieval Europe. To the 60th anniversary of E. N. Nosov].St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin Publ., 2010. P. 148–150 (in Russian).

    Polyakov, Aleksandr Nikolaevich.K voprosu ob izgoyakh v Drevney Rusi [On the problem of izgoi in Ancient Rus’], in Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Newsletter of Orenburg State University].2006. No. 10 (October). Part 1. P. 191–193 (in Russian).

    Presnyakov, Aleksandr Evgen’evich. [Рец.:] Leopold Karl Goetz. Das Russische Recht, I–II. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1910–1911 [[Book review:] Leopold Karl Goetz. Das Russische Recht, I–II. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1910–1911], in Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya. Novaya seriya [Journal of the Ministry of public education. New series]. 1912. Part XLII. November. P. 153–167 (in Russian).

    Sverdlov, Mikhail Borisovich. Ot Zakona Russkogo k Russkoy Pravde [From the Law of Rus’ to the Russkaya Pravda].Moscow: Yuridicheskaya literatura Publ., 1988. 176 p. (in Russian).

    Sverdlov, Mikhail Borisovich.Russkaya Pravda. Posobie k spetskursu[Russkaya Pravda. A textbook for a special course].St. Petersburg: Obrazovanie Publ., 1992.100 p. (in Russian).

    Tikhomirov, Mikhail Nikolaevich.Issledovanie o Russkoy Pravde. Proiskhozhdenie tekstov[A study of the Russkaya Pravda. The origin of texts].Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of USSR Publ., 1941. 256 p.(in Russian).

    Tolochko, Aleksey Petrovich. The Short Edition of Russkaya Pravda: Genesis of the text. (Ruthenica, supplementum 2.). Kiev, 2009. 136 p. (in Russian).

    Trubachev, Oleg Nikolaevich. Etnogenez i kul’tura drevneishikh slavyan. Lingvisticheskie issledovaniya[Ethnogenesis and culture of the ancient Slavs. Linguistic studies]2nd suppl. edition. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2003. 489 p. (in Russian).

    Yanin, Valentin Lavrentyevich. Arkheologicheskiy kommentariy k Russkoy Pravde [Archaeological commentary on the Russkaya Pravda], in Novgorodskiy sbornik. 50 let raskopok Novgoroda [Novgorod Collection. 50 years of Novgorod excavations]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1982. P. 138–155.

    Yanin, Valentin Lavrent’yevich. U istokov novgorodskoy gosudarstvennosti [At the origins of the Novgorod statehood]. Velikiy Novgorod: [s. n.], 2001. 149 p.

    Yanin, Valentin Lavrentyevich; Zaliznyak, Andrey Anatolyevich; Gippius, Aleksey Alekseyevich. Novgorodskiye gramoty na bereste. (Iz raskopok 1997–2000 gg.) [Novgorod birch bark letters (From the excavations of 1997–2000)]. Vol. XI. Moscow: Russkiye slovari Publ., 2004. 288 p.

    Zimin, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Pravda Russkaya [Rus’ Truth]. Moscow: Drevlekhranilishche Publ., 1999. 424 p. (in Russian).

 

Tags: slovene, Slavic identity, Russkaya Pravda, Novgorodtzi , Yaroslav’s Law, Old Russian literary tradition, Novgorod Bishop Nifont, annalistic narratives, PETROV N. I.