Bocharova, Zoya Sergeevna. Legal status of Russian refugees in Bulgaria in the 1920s – early 1930s

Published Date:

For citation: Bocharova, Zoya Sergeevna. Legal status of Russian refugees in Bulgaria in the 1920s – early 1930s, in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2023. № 2. Pp. 156-176. DOI https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2023.112

Title of the article Legal status of Russian refugees in Bulgaria in the 1920s – early 1930s
Authors

Bocharova, Zoya Sergeevna — Dr. Sc. in History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Orc ID 0000-0002-1739-1197, Scopus ID 57211602171, Researcher ID AAF-7445-2019, SPIN-code 8046-9713, Author ID 279590; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 

In the section  Miscellanea / Miscellanea
Year 2023 Issue 1 Pages 156-176
Type of article RAR Index UDK; BBK UDK 325.2; ББК 63.3(2)6 Index DOI https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2023.112
Abstract The position of Russian refuges in the 1920s in Bulgaria is analyzed in the article drawing on a large factual material. The reasons for the country’s policy of «open doors», the numerical dynamics of emigrants, the peculiarities of their social composition and adaptation are revealed. It is shown that the legal status of Russians was regulated at the national level, taking into account the interests of emigration in Bulgaria and the situation in other countries, as well as in close connection with the decisions of the League of Nations. Gradually, a unified legal context of refugee existence was created. The Russian diplomatic mission headed by A. M. Petryaev, who since 1923 handed over his duties to the former adviser of the Russian Embassy in Bulgaria S. G. Bogoyavlensky, the Committee on Russian Refugees in Bulgaria, the representation of the High Commissioner for Refugees in Bulgaria, provided institutional assistance. The relationship between various institutions and personalities in solving the refugee issue is revealed. The legal status of Russians is examined from the standpoint of structural integration: inclusion in the host society through the national labor market, taxation, social sphere, realization of inheritance rights, access to the court, through the structures of the Russian Orthodox Church, the institution of citizenship. Russian refugees in Bulgaria formally obeyed the general laws on foreigners on an equal basis with other foreigners. There was no special law regulating the rights of Russians, but they were in a different position compared to other foreigners because of the number of legislative and administrative reservations. The special attitude towards the veterans of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 was characteristic: they were granted the right to a lifetime monthly allowance. The role of Nansen passports, established for Russians, and the difficulties of their application by ordinary migrants are revealed. It is concluded that the economic crisis of the late 1920s — early 1930s stimulated the integration of Russians due to the activation of naturalization. The confessional and linguistic affinity of the peoples played a role.
Keywords Russian emigration, refugees, legal status, Nansen passports, S. G. Bogoyavlensky, B. S. Serafimov, League of Nations
Full text version of the article Article language  Russian
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Tags: Russian emigration, MISCELLANEA / MISCELLANEA, Bulgariа, Communication, 20th century

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