Avakov, Pyotr Ashotovich; Kochegarov, Kirill Aleksandrovich. The unique drawing of the Zaporozhian Sich and the Kamenny Zaton fortress of the beginning of 18th century

Avakov, Pyotr Ashotovich — PhD in History, Senior Researcher, Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Orc ID 0000-0001-9051-5611, Scopus ID 57189627079, SPIN-code 4048-0832, Author ID 766138; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;
Kochegarov, Kirill Aleksandrovich — PhD in History, Senior Researcher, Institute of Slavic Studies, the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Orc ID 0000-0002-9877-7381, SPIN-code 8813-2670, Author ID 354495; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article was prepared as part of state assignment for 2021 en-trusted to the Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the RAS on the topic «History and Culture of the Peoples of the South of Russia: Between Tradition and Modernization» (state registration number: AAAA-A19-119011190182-8).

The paper presents and analyses the undated drawing of Zaporozhian Sich and Russian fortress Kamenny Zaton (Stone Bay), completely unstudied before. The drawing was made at the beginning of 18^th century and has preserved in collection of Malorossiysky prikaz (Little Russia Office) in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Using methods of source criticism and historical geography authors attribute the drawing and conclude that it can be connected with the special mission to Sich, headed by Stol’nik (Steward) Fedor Protasyev and the General Esaul of Zaporozhian Host (Cossack Hetmanate) Ivan Skoropadsky in 1703. The main goal of the mission, that is studied on the base of new archive sources, was to oblige Zaporozhian Cossack to take an oath to the Peter I in return for tsar’s salary. Authors also analyzes in details the drawing itself, describing at the same time the process of building of the Kamenny Zaton and correcting the timeline of it, including the foundation date of the fortress. It appeared that Kamenny Zaton had earthen fortifications only, as the Russian government didn’t manage to build stone ones. The picture of the Kamenny Zaton on the drawing was made in the orthogonal projection as quadrilateral bastion fortress, whereas in reality it had five bastions. The Zaporozhian Sich is pictured as symbolical agglomeration of buildings with gable roofs and four towers. Considering technical and stylistic characteristics of the document it can be identified as the Russian geographical drawing, the unique artefact that reflects and visualizes the history of Russian colonization of the lower Dnieper River territories in the beginning of 18^th century.

Alekseeva, Mariya Andreevna. Gravyura petrovskogo vremeni [Etchings of the Peter the Great’s time]. Leningrad: Iskusstvo Publ. (Leningrad branch), 1990. 208 p. (in Russian).

Alekseeva, Mariya Andreevna. Zhanr konklyuziy v russkom iskusstve kontsa XVII – nachala XVIII v. [The genre of conclusion in Russian Art in the end of 17^th – beginning of 18^th centuries], in Alekseeva, Tatyana Vasilyevna (ed.). Russkoe iskusstvo barokko: Materialy i issledovaniya [Russian Baroque: Documents and essays]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1977. Pp. 7–29. (in Russian).

Fedoruk, Yaroslav Oleksandrovich. Arkheologіchnі ekspeditsіi 1951 і 1953 rokіv іz vivchennya Zaporoz’kikh Sіchey pered zatoplennyam Kakhovs’kim vodoymishchem [Archeological expeditions for exploration of Zaporozhian Sichs before creating of Kakhovka Reservoir], in Ukraina v Tsentral’no-Skhіdnіy Evropі (z naydavnіshikh chasіv do kіntsya XVІІІ st.) [Ukraine in Central and Eastern Europe from ancient times to the end of 18^th century]. Issue 17. Kyiv, 2017. Pp. 254–318. (in Ukrainian).

Goldenberg, Leonid Arkadyevich. Izograf zemli Sibirskoy: Zhizn’ i trudy Semena Remezova [Izograf of Siberia: The life and works of Semen Remezov]. Magadan: Magadan Book Publishing House, 1990. (Dal’nevostochnaya istoricheskaya biblioteka). 391 p. (in Russian).

Golobutskiy, Volodimir Oleksіyovich. Zaporіz’ka Sіch v ostannі chasi svogo іsnuvannya: 1734–1775 [Zaporozhian Sich in last times of its existence, 1734–1775]. Kyiv: Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian RSR Press, 1961. 416 p. (in Ukrainian).

Grakov, Boris Nikolaevich. Kamenskoe gorodishche na Dnepre [Kamenskoe hillfort on Dnieper]. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954. (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR. No. 36). 240 p. (in Russian).

Kochegarov, Kirill Aleksandrovich. Bunt «polka» Grigoriya Kosagova na Zaporozh’e: maloizvestniy epizod pervogo Krymskogo pokhoda 1687 g. [The rebellion of Grigory Kosagov regiment in Zaporozhie: the little-known episode of the 1^st Crimean Campaign], in Rus’, Rossiya: Srednevekovye i Novoe vremya [Rus’ and Russia: Medieval and Modern times]. Issue 5. Moscow: M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Press, 2017. (Trudy istoricheskogo fakulteta MGU. Issue 104. Ser. 2: Istoricheskie issledovaniya. No. 57). Pp. 218– 224. (in Russian).

Kochegarov, Kirill Aleksandrovich. Rech Pospolitaya i Rossiya v 1680–1686 godakh: Zaklyuchenie dogovora o Vechnom mire [The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia in 1680–1686: The Conclusion of the Treaty of Perpetual peace]. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2008. 504 p. (in Russian).

Kusov, Vladimir Svyatoslavovich. Kartograficheskoe iskusstvo Russkogo gosudarstva [Cartographical art of Russia]. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1989. 98 p. (in Russian).

Lenchenko, Volodimir Oleksandrovich. Ostannya kozatska stolitsya na Dnіprі [The last Cossack capital on Dnieper], in Pamyatki Ukraini [Monuments of Ukraine]. 1989. No. 2. Pp. 38–42. (in Ukrainian).

Lenchenko, Volodimir Oleksandrovich. Ostrіv Khortitsya ta Zaporoz’ka Sіch [Khortytsia Island and Zaporozhian Sich], in Vіys’kovo-іstorichniy al’manakh [Military and Historical Almanac]. Year 12. 2001. No. 1. Pp. 77–78. (in Ukrainian).

Lenchenko, Volodimir Oleksandrovich. Rukopisnі plani Zaporoz’koy Sіchі XVIII stolіttya [Handwritten drawings of Zaprozhian Sich of the 18^th century], in Ukrainskiy arkheografіchniy shchorіchnik: Nova seriya [Ukrainian Archeographical Yearbook: A New Series]. Issue 8–9. Kyiv; New York: M. P. Kots Publ., 2004. (Ukrainskiy arkheografіchniy zbіrnik. Vol. 11–12). Pp. 157–188. (in Ukrainian).

Mіlchev, Volodimir Ivanovich. Primіtki ta komentarі [Remarks and comments], in Yavornitskiy, Dmitro Іvanovich. Tvori [Works]: In 20 vols. Vol. 3. Book 1. Kyiv; Zaporizhzhya: Tandem-U Publ., 2008. (Іstorіya, kraeznavstvo, arkheologіya). Pp. 372–438. (in Ukrainian).

Mitsik, Yurіy Andrіyovich; Stanіslavskiy, Vyacheslav Volodimirovich; Shcherbak, Vіtalіy Oleksіyovich. Chortomlits’ka Sіch (1652–1709 rr.) [Chortomlyk Sich, 1652–1709], in Kozatskі sіchі (narisi z іstorіi ukrainskogo kozatstva XVI–XIX st.) [Cossack Sichs (essays on Ukrainian Cossacks’ history)]. Kyiv; Zaporіzhzhya: Institute of History of Ukraine (NAS of Ukraine) Press, 1998. (Kozats’ka spadshchina). Pp. 86–108. (in Ukrainian).

Sanin, Oleg Gennadyevich. Otnosheniya Rossii i Zaporozh’ya nakanune Poltavskoy bitvy [Relationships between Zaporozhie and Russia on the eve of the battle of Poltava], in Molodaya nauka na rubezhe vekov: Sbornik statey molodykh uchenykh Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta [Young science on the boundary of the centuries: Articles of young scholars of Russian State University for the Humanities]. Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Press, 1997. Pp. 64–74. (in Russian).

Telegіn, Dmitro Yakovich. Obstezhennya Sіchey nizovogo Dnіpra v 1990 r. [The exploration of Sichs in the Low Dnieper], in Ukrains’kiy іstorichniy zhurnal [Ukrainian historical journal]. 1992. No. 7. Pp. 136–139. (in Ukrainian).

Velikanov, Vladimir Sergeevich. Dneprovskiy pokhod voysk kn. Kol’tsova-Mosal’skogo v 1700 godu [Expedition to Dneper of troops under command of Prince Kol’cov-Mosal’skiy in 1700], in Nauchnoe nasledie professora A. P. Pronshteyna i aktual’nye problemy istoricheskoy nauki (k 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya vydayushchegosya rossiyskogo uchenogo) [Scientific heritage of professor A. P. Pronshtein and actual problems of History (to 100-years anniversary of prominent Russian scientist)]. Rostov-on-Don: Altair Publ., 2019. Pp. 571–577. (in Russian).

Yavornitskiy, Dmitro Іvanovich. Іstorіya zaporoz’kikh kozakіv [History of Zaporozhian Cossacks]. Vol. 3. Kyiv: Naukova dumka Publ., 1993. (Pam’yatki іstorichnoy dumki Ukraini). 560 p. (in Russian).

Yavornitskiy, Dmitro Іvanovich. Zaporozhzhya v zalishkakh starovini і perekazakh narodu [The last artefacts and peoples’ legends of Zaporozhie]: In 2 vols. 3^rd ed. Vol. 1. Dnіpropetrovsk: ART-PRES Publ., 2005. 496 p. (in Russian).

Zbіrnik materіalіv do іstorіi zaporoz’kikh kozakіv [Materials for history of Zaporozhian Cossacks], in Yavornitskiy, Dmitro Іvanovich. Tvori [Works]: In 20 vols. Vol. 1. Kyiv; Zaporizhzhya: Tandem-U Publ., 2004. (Іstorіya, kraeznavstvo, arkheologіya). Pp. 37–209. (in Russian).