Selin, Adrian Aleksandrovich. «Expelled from Livonia»: Towards the issue of the arrangement of landowners of «Old» and «New German towns» after the Plyussa Treaty 1583

The article was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program 2020 «Transformation of Regimes of Governing Diversity: Subjecthood Discourses and Practices in the Russian Empire».

History of Muscovite estate shaping in “German towns” in 1550s–1580s is closely connected with Novgorod, Pskov, Rzheva Pustaya as servicemen communities. These servicemen were the source for new landowners in the lands taken by Muscovites to the West from Narova river. Only Rzheva Pustaya was more or less studied already. The paper is an attempt to generalize the data on number and personal content of “German towns” landowners (mostly on sources of 1582) and to study the issue of the significance of the experience of making estates in Livonian lands for the day-to-day culture of Muscovite servicemen. Geography of Russian landownership in Livonia is under consideration. Also the historiographical discussions of the reasons of Russian Livonia project fail is studied in the article. Special attention is paid to the issue of Muscovite landowners evacuation from Livonia after military defeats of 1580–1582. Record books of Rzheva Pustaya and Novgorod Vodskaya pyatina included notes of the towns and districts in Livonia that have been left by the landowners. Other record books of North-Western Muscovy only mention the new strata of servicemen “new landowners of German towns”. Special groups of “Rugodiv and Juryev newly baptized [tartars]” and “Cossacks from Govye” were also separately mentioned in the record books. In the last period of Livonian War not only Livonia itself but also some border districts of former Novgorod land were left by Muscovites. In 1582–1583 the Moscow Government also took responsibility for the landowners from that lost districts. V. A. Arakcheev noted the order on the land security of those servicemen issued between January 23 and March 4, 1583. In early 1580s the landowners of “German towns” received estates in “abandoned lands”. Later Court lands were spread between them.

Angermann, Norbert. Studien zur Livlandpolitik Ivan Groznyjs [Studing the Livonian policy of Ivan the Terrible]. Marburg/Lahn: J. G. Herder-Institut Publ., 1972. 134 p. (in German).

Arakcheev, Vladimir Anatolyevich. Rod Pushkinykh i Pskovo-Pecherskiy monastyr’ [Pushkin Family and Pskov-Pechery monastery], in Izvestiya Russkogo genealogicheskogo obshchestva. Issue 4. St. Peterburg, 1995. Pp. 51–56. (in Russian).

Arakcheev, Vladimir Anatolyevich. Utrachenniy ukaz 1582 g. ob ispomeshchenii «detey boyarskikh nemetskikh gorodov» i ego realizatsiya [The Lost Order of 1582 on giving estates to «servicemen from German Towns» and its providing], in Feodal’naya Rossiya. Novye issledovaniya. St. Petersburg: Tretyia Rossiya Publ., 1993. Pp. 38–42. (in Russian).

Bentsianov, Mikhail Mikhaylovich. «Knyazya, boyare i deti boyarskie». Sistema sluzhebnykh otnosheniy v Moskovskom gosudarstve v XV–XVI vv. [«Princes, Boyars and Boyars’ sons». The System of Service Relations in Muscovite State, 15^th–16^th centuries]. Moscow: «Tsentrpoligraf» Publ., 2019. 351 p. (in Russian).

Buganov, Viktor Ivanovich. Perepiska Gorodovogo prikaza s voevodami livonskikh gorodov v 1577–1578 godakh [Correspondence of Gorodovoy Prikaz with voevodes in Livonian strongholds in 1577–1578], in Arkheograficheskiy ezhegodnik za 1964 g. Moscow, 1965. Pp. 290–315. (in Russian).

Degtyarev, Aleksandr Yakimovich. Izbrannye trudy po russkoy istorii [Selected Works in Russian History]. Vol. 1. Moscow: «Parad» Publ., 2006. 517 p. (in Russian).

Filyushkin, Alexander. The Livonian War and the Mentality of the Russian Nobles, in Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 2013. Vol. 47. P. 420–435.

Filyushkin, Alexandr Ilyich. Proekt «Russkaya Livoniya» [«Russian Livonia» Project], in Quaestio Rossica. 2014. No. 2. Pp. 94–111. (in Russian).

Filyushkin, Aleksandr Ilyich. Svoe ili chuzhoe? Obespechenie boesposobnosti russkoy armii v gody Livonskoy voyny (1558–1583) v kontekste voennogo proizvodstva [Our of Another’s? Ensuring Russian Army Combat Effectiveness during Livonian War, 1558–1583 in the Context of Military Industry], in Rus’, Rossiya: Srednevekovye i Novoe vremya. Issue 4. Moscow: Moscow state university Press, 2015. Pp. 597–602. (in Russian).

Florya, Boris Nikolaevich. K istorii russkogo pomestnogo zemlevladeniya v Livonii [To history of Russian landed gentry in Livonia], in Russkiy diplomatariy. Issue 5. Moscow, 1999. Pp. 214–216. (in Russian).

Grala, Hieronim. «In Der Tyrannen Hand». Russkaya kolonizatsiya Livonii vo vtoroy polovine XVI v.: Plany i rezul’taty [«In der Tyrannen Hand»: Russian colonization of Livonia in the second half of the 16^th century. Plans and results], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2014. No. 2. Pp. 175–193. (in Russian).

Martin, Janet. Two Pomeshchiki from the Novgorod Lands: Their Fates and Fortunes during the Livonian War, in Russian History. 2007. Vol. 34. Pp. 239–253.

Nazarov, Vladislav Dmitrievich. K istorii svetskogo zemlevladeniya v Rossii XV – nachala XVI v.: kollektivniy snimok 1504 g. s poyasneniyami i dopolneniyami [Towards the History of Civil Landownership in Russia in the 15^th – early 16^th century: Collective Picture of 1504 with explanations and additions], in Rus’, Rossiya: Srednevekovye i Novoye vremya. Issue 6. Moscow: Moscow state university Press, 2019. Pp. 20–26. (in Russian).

Novitskiy, Georgiy Andreevich. Novye dannye o russkom feodal’nom zemlevladenii v Pribaltike v period Livonskoy voyny (1558–1582) [New data of the Russian feudal land ownership in the Baltic during the Livonian War (1558–1582)], in Voprosy istorii. 1956. No. 4. Pp. 134–138. (in Russian).

Petrukhintsev, Nikolay Nikolaevich. Struktura, dinamika i ierarkhiya sluzhilykh «gorodov» v XVII veke [Structure, Dynamics and Hierarchy of Service «Towns» in the 17^th century], in Cahiers du Monde Russe. 2015. Vol. 56. No. 1. Pp. 139–140. (in Russian).

Piotukh, Nina Valerievna. Derevnya, sel’tso, selo: tipologiya sel’skikh poseleniy [Village, Sel’tso and Selo: Typology of Countryside settlemsnts], in Rossiya v srednie veka i novoe vremya. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 1999. Pp. 199–215. (in Russian).

Piotukh, Nina Valerievna. Sluzhilye lyudi na Livonskoy voyne [Servicemen at Livonian War], in Arkheologiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoy zemli: Materialy nauchnykh seminarov za 2001–2002 gg. Pskov: PGOIAKHMZ Publ., 2003. Pp. 161–183. (in Russian).

Selart, Anti. «Russkie boyare» v Estlyandii (konets XVI – nachalo XVII v.) [The «Russian Boyars» in Estonia (late 16^th – early 17^th century)], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2012. No. 2. Pp. 3–14. (in Russian).

Selin, Adrian Aleksandrovich. Istoricheskaya geografiya Novgorodskoy zemli v XVI–XVIII vv. Novgorodskiy i Ladozhskiy uezdy Vodskoy pyatiny [Historical Geography of Novgorod Land, 16^th–18^th centuries]. St. Peterburg: «Dmitriy Bulanin» Publ., 2003. 491 p. (in Russian).