Alimov, Denis Evgenyevich. The «Prague empire» and the Lędzianie: Reflexions on the emergence of the Slavic identity in Eastern Europe

Published Date:

For citation: Alimov, Denis Evgenyevich. The «Prague empire» and the Lędzianie: Reflexions on the emergence of the Slavic identity in Eastern Europe, in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2018. № 2. Pp. 117-144. DOI https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2018.207.

Title of the article  The «Prague empire» and the Lędzianie: Reflexions on the emergence of the Slavic identity in Eastern Europe
Authors Alimov, Denis Evgenyevich — Ph D in History, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia,  OrcID orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4150; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the section  Disputatio / Discussion
Year 2018 Issue  2 Pages  117-144
Type of article RAR Index UDK; BBK 94(367); 63.3(2)41 Index DOI  https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2018.207
Abstract

The study was conducted within the framework of the research project supported by the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research, project «Political Formations in the Slavic World from the Seventh to the Tenth Centuries A. D.: Evolution of Power Structures and Ethno-Social Processes».The study was conducted within the framework of the research project supported by the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research, project «Political Formations in the Slavic World from the Seventh to the Tenth Centuries A. D.: Evolution of Power Structures and Ethno-Social Processes».

The article deals with the emergence of the Slavic ethnic identity in the territory of Ancient Rus’. While seeking for a (hypothetical) answer to this question, the author focuses on contacts that existed during the 10th century between Kiev and the empire of the Přemyslids, in which the Slavic identity was inherited from Great Moravia. According to the author, the Slavic identity could penetrate into Kiev (from which it later came to Novgorod) from the Přemyslid realm via the well-known trade route that in the 10th century connected centres of Western and Central Europe with Kiev, Volga Bulgaria, and Khazaria. In doing so, the author attributes the leading role in the contacts of Kiev with Central Europe to the tribe of Lendians (Lendzaninoi / Lędzianie) mentioned in the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s treatise «De administrando imperio» (mid-10th century). In the author’s opinion, the Lendians were not only closely connected with the realm the Přemyslids, but also controlled Plisněsk, an important political and trade center, through which contacts between Slavic-speaking communities of Central Europe and the Middle Dnieper region were made.According to the author, of all the Slavic-speaking communities that had close contacts with the Russes, the Lendians were most capable for embracing the group name Slověnedue to the supralocal nature of their group identity and the possible influence of the Moravian (Olomouc) bishopric.While stressing that the emergence in Kiev and Novgorod of new non-tribal group names, including that of Slověne, was conditioned by changes in the social and cultural habitus of the Slavic-speaking population, which concentrated in the corresponding loci, the author expresses the idea that it was the Lendians who were the key link in the spread from west to east of the the Přemyslid realm’s («Prague empire»’s) «social knowledge», which contributed to the adoption of the Slavic identity in Eastern Europe.The article deals with the emergence of the Slavic ethnic identity in the territory of Ancient Rus’. While seeking for a (hypothetical) answer to this question, the author focuses on contacts that existed during the 10th century between Kiev and the empire of the Přemyslids, in which the Slavic identity was inherited from Great Moravia. According to the author, the Slavic identity could penetrate into Kiev (from which it later came to Novgorod) from the Přemyslid realm via the well-known trade route that in the 10th century connected centres of Western and Central Europe with Kiev, Volga Bulgaria, and Khazaria. In doing so, the author attributes the leading role in the contacts of Kiev with Central Europe to the tribe of Lendians (Lendzaninoi / Lędzianie) mentioned in the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s treatise «De administrando imperio» (mid-10th century). In the author’s opinion, the Lendians were not only closely connected with the realm the Přemyslids, but also controlled Plisněsk, an important political and trade center, through which contacts between Slavic-speaking communities of Central Europe and the Middle Dnieper region were made.According to the author, of all the Slavic-speaking communities that had close contacts with the Russes, the Lendians were most capable for embracing the group name Slověnedue to the supralocal nature of their group identity and the possible influence of the Moravian (Olomouc) bishopric.While stressing that the emergence in Kiev and Novgorod of new non-tribal group names, including that of Slověne, was conditioned by changes in the social and cultural habitus of the Slavic-speaking population, which concentrated in the corresponding loci, the author expresses the idea that it was the Lendians who were the key link in the spread from west to east of the the Přemyslid realm’s («Prague empire»’s) «social knowledge», which contributed to the adoption of the Slavic identity in Eastern Europe.

Keywords  Slavic identity, Slavic ethnicity, Slověne, Lędzianie
Full text version of the article. Article language Russian
Bibliography
  • Alimov, Denis Evgenyevich. Etnogenez khorvatov: Formirovanie khorvatskoy etnopoliticheskoy obschnosti v VII–IX vv. [Ethnogenesis of the Croats: The formation of the Croatian ethno-political community in the 7th–9th centuries]. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2016. 380 p. (in Russian).

    Cheshko, Sergey Viktorovich. Etnicheskaya istoriya slavyan s tochki zreniya problem etnologii [Ethnic history of the Slavs in terms of problems of ethnology], in Slavyanovedeniye. 1993. No. 2. Pp. 15–22. (in Russian).

    Curta, Florin. The making of the Slavs: History and archaeology of the Lower Danube region, c. 500–700. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 463 p.

    Dyba, Yuriy. Bat’kivschina Svyatogo Volodymyra: Volyns’ka zemlya u podiyakh X stolittya [Fatherland of St. Volodymyr: the Volhyn land in the events of the 10th century]. Lviv: Kolir PRO Publ., 2014. 484 p. (in Ukrainian).

    Dyba, Yuriy. Formuvannya terytorii «Rus’koy zemli» IX–X st. u konteksti funktsionuvannya transyevropeys’kogo shlyakhu Bulgar–Kyiv–Regensburg [Formation of the territory of the 9th–10th centuries «Rus’ land» in the context of the functional trans-European trade route Bulgar–Kiev–Rehensbourg], in Mynule i suchasne Volyni ta Polissya. Misto Volodymyr-Volyns’kiy ta Pobuzhzhya u svitoviy ta ukrayns’kiy istorii. Uspens’kiy sobor v istorii mista Volodymyra-Volyns’kogo ta Ukrainy. Naukoviy zbirnyk [Past and Present of Volhyn and Polissya. The town of Volodymyr-Volinsky and the Bug region in world and Ukrainian history. Assumption Cathedral in the history of Volodymyr-Volyns’ky and Ukraine. A collection of works]. Lutsk, 2015. Vol. 55. Pp. 42–50. (in Ukrainian).

    Dyba, Yuriy. Geografiya pochatkovoy rusi za shidnymy dzherelami [Geography of early Rus’ according to oriental sources], in Knyazha doba: Istoriya i kul’tura. Lviv, 2016. Vol. 10. Pp. 9–58. (in Ukrainian).

    Dovgan’, Petro Mykhailovych. Buzhani yak etnichny ta derzhavotvorchiy chynnyk u davniy istorii Ukrainy [The Buzhani as ethnic and state-formation factor in the early history of Ukraine], in Visnik Instytutu arheologii. 2008. Vol. 3. Pp. 46–57. (in Ukrainian).

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Zagadka plemion znad Bugu, Sanu, Dniestru i Styru [The mystery of tribes on the Bug, San, Dniester and Styr rivers], in Przegląd Historyczny. 2004. Vol. 45. Pp. 441–456. (in Polish).

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Lędzanie — how far from the Empire?, in Kaimakamova, Miliana; Salamon, Maciej (eds). Byzantium, new peoples, new powers: the Byzantino-Slav contact zone, from the ninth to the fifteenth century. Krakow: Historia Iagellonica Publ., 2007. Pp. 109–122.

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Śladami etnicznej stratygrafii, czyli u źródeł zachodniej połowy Słowiańszczyzny [On the traces of ethnic stratigraphy: an insight into the origins of the western half of the Slavdom], in Salamon, Maciej; Strzelczyk, Jerzy (eds). Wędrówka i etnogeneza w starożytności i w średniowieczu [Migration and ethnogenesis in the Antiquity and in the Middle Ages]. 2nd ed., supplemented. Krakow: Historia Iagellonica Publ., 2010. Pp. 269–289. (in Polish).

    Fried, Johannes. Święty Wojciech i Polska [St. Voitech and Poland]. Poznan: Instytut historii UAM Press, 2001. 42 p. (in Polish).

    Fylypchuk, Mikhaylo Andriyovich. Struktura Plisnes’kogo arkheologichnogo kompleksu v slov’yans’kiy ta davnyorus’kiy chas [The structure of the Plisnesk archaeological complex in the Slavic and Old Rus’ periods], in Visnyk Instytutu arkheologii. 2009. Vol. 4. Pp. 3–21. (in Ukrainian).

    Gorskiy, Anton Anatol’evich. K voprosu o sostave voyska Olega v pokhode na Tsar’grad [On the question of the composition of the army of Oleg in the campaign against Constantinople], in Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov’e: Mnimye real’nosti v antichnoy i srednevekovoy istoriografii. XIV Chteniya pamyati V. T. Pashuto [Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages: Imaginary realities in ancient and medieval historiography. XIV Readings in memory of V. T. Pashuto]. Moscow: Institute of World History (RAS) Press, 2002. Pp. 51–53. (in Russian).

    Homza, Martin. Stredná Európa I: Na začiatku stredoveku [Central Europe I: At the beginning of the Middle Ages]. Bratislava: Komensky University Press, 2014. 314 p. (in Slovak).

    Homza, Martin. A few words about the identity of the Slavs, yesterday, today and tomorrow, in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2018. No. 1 (23). Pp. 3–41.

    Ivanov, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich; Toporov, Vladimir Nikolaevich. O drevnikh slavyanskikh etnonimakh (osnovnye problemy i perspektivy) [On ancient Slavic ethnonyms (main problems and prospects)], in Iz istorii russkoy kul’tury. T. I (Drevnyaya Rus’) [From the history of Russian culture. Vol. I (Ancient Rus’)]. Moscow: «Languages of Russian culture» Publ., 2000. Pp. 413–440. (in Russian).

    Kalhous, David. Anatomy of a Duchy. The Political and Ecclesiastical Structures of Early Přemyslid Bohemia. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2012. 350 p.

    Kalinina, Tatyana Mikhaylovna. Arabskie uchenye o nashestvii normannov na Sevil’yu v 844 g. [Arab scholars about the invasion of the Normans to Seville in 844], in Drevneyshie gosudarstva Vostochnoy Evropy. 1999. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura Publ., 2001. Pp. 190–210. (in Russian).

    Khaburgaev, Georgiy Aleksandrovich. Etnonimiya «Povesti vremennykh let» v svyazi s zadachami rekonstruktsii vostochnoslavyanskogo glottogeneza [The ethnonymy of «The Tale of Bygone Years» in connection with the tasks of reconstruction of East Slavic glottogenesis]. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1979. 231 p. (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Duleby v postavarskom istoriko-politicheskom kontekste (novye napravleniya istoriografii) [The Dulebs in the post-Avar historical-political context (new trends in historiography)], in Ladoga v kontekste istorii i arheilogii severnoy Evrazii. Sbornik statey pamyati D. A. Machinskogo [Ladoga in the context of the history and archeology of northern Eurasia. Collection of articles in memory of D. A. Machinsky]. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2014. Pp. 157–165 (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeyevich. Duleby i obry (avary) Povesti vremennykh let [Dulebs and Obrs (Avars) of the Tale of Bygone Years], in Peterburg historical journal. 2017. № 3 (15). Pp. 141–161. (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Madzhak, drevniy geroy ranneslavyanskoy istorii [Madzhak, the ancient hero of early Slavic history], in Drevnyaya Rus’ vo vremeni, v lichnostyakh, v ideyakh. 2017. Vol. 7. Pp. 44–58. (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Pritcha «pogibosha aki obri» i prorochestvo psevdo-Mefodiya [Proverb «pogibosha aki obri» and the prophecy of Pseudo-Methodius], in Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov’ye. XXX Yubileynye chteniya pamyati V. T. Pashuto [Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages. XXX Commemorative Readings in Memory of V. T. Pashuto]. Moscow: Institute of World History Russian Academy of Science Press, 2018. Pp. 144–148. (in Russian).

    Kokovtsov, Pavel Konstantinovich. Evreysko-khazarskaya perepiska v X veke [Jewish-Khazar correspondence in the 10th century]. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1932. 134 p. (in Russian).

    Kollinger, Karol. Polityka wschodnia Bolesława Chrobrego (992–1025) [East policy of Boleslav the Brave (992–1025)]. Wroclaw: Chronicon Publ., 2014. 524 p. (in Polish).

    Konetskiy, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Sotsial’naya organizatsiya Priil’men’ya i formirovanie korennoy territorii Novgoroskoy zemli v kontse I tys. n. e. [The social organization of the population of Priilmenye and the formation of the indigenous territory of the Novgorod land at the end of the 1st millenium AD], in Novgorod i Novgorodskaya zemlya. Istoriya i arkheologiya. 1995. Vol. 9. Pp. 31–40. (in Russian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. «Lenzyany» v konteksti Kyivs’koy Rusi [The Lendians in the context of Kyiv Rus’], in Zbіrnik naukovykh prats Naukovo-doslіdnogo instytutu ukrainnoznavstva. 2007. Vol. XV. Pp. 256–272. (in Ukrainian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. Lenzaninoi Konstyantina Bagryanorodnogo u konteksti problem lyakhiv-lendzyan [Constantinus Porphyrogenitus’s Lenzaninoi in the context of the problem of the Lachi-Lędzianie], in Visnyk Kyivs’kogo natsional’nogo universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. 2007. Vol. 11. Pp. 4–7. (in Ukrainian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. «Lenzyany» i «polyany» [Lendians and Polanians], in Ukrainoznavstvo. 2008. Vol. 12. Pp. 47–49. (in Ukrainian).

    Kuczyński, Stefan Maria. Studia z dziejów Europy Wschodniej [Studies on the history of Eastern Europe]. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Publ., 1965. 272 p. (in Polish).

    Labuda, Gerard. Kraków biskupi przed rokiem 1000. Przyczynek do dyskusji nad dziejami misji metodiańskiej w Polsce [Bishops of Cracow before the year 1000. A contribution to the discussion on Methodius’s mission in Poland], in Studia Historyczne. 1984. Issue XXVII. Vol. 3 (106). Pp. 371–412. (in Polish).

    Labuda, Gerard. Studia nad początkami państwa polskiego [Studies on the origin of the Polish state]. Vol. II. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Publ., 1988. 566 p. (in Polish).

    Lyaska, Vitaliy Mikhailovich. Mіzh Pragoyu, Kiyvom ta Hnezno. Zeriuane / zuireani «Geografa Bavars’kogo»: do proplemy etnopotestarnykh struktur Volyni u rannyomu Serednyovichchi [Between Prague, Kyiv and Gniezno. The Bavarian Geographer’s Zeriuane / Zuireani: To the problems of Volhynia’s ethno-potestarian structures in the early Middle Ages], in Knyazha Doba: Istoriya i kul’tura. Lviv, 2014. Vol. 8. Pp. 9–72. (in Ukrainian).

    Lyaska, Vitaliy Mikhailovich. Vid pleminnnogo soyuzu do knyazivs’kogo udilu: Buzheska volost’ u serednyovichchi [From a tribal union to prince land: The Bug region in the Middle Ages], in Visnyk L’vivskogo universytetu. Seriya istorychna. 2016. Vol. 52. Pp. 11–52 (in Ukrainian).

    Łowmiański, Henryk. Początki Polski: Z dziejów Słowian w I tysiącleciu n. e. [The origins of Poland. From the history of the Slavs in the 1st millennium A. D.]. Vol. IV. Warszaw: Państwowe wydawnictwo naukowe Publ., 1970. 538 p. (in Polish).

    Makarski, Władysław. Pogranicze polsko-ruskie do połowy wieku XIV. Studium językowo-etniczne [The Polish-Ruthenian borderland before the mid-14th century. A linguistical-ethnological study]. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Publ., 1996. 328 p. (in Polish).

    Matla-Kozłowska, Marzena. Pierwsi Przemyślidzi i ich państwo (od X do połowy XI wieku). Expansja terytorialna i jej polityczne uwarunkowania [The first Přemyslids and their state (from the 10th to the mid-11th century). The territorial expansion and its political conditions]. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie Publ., 2008. 580 p. (in Polish).

    Mayorov, Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich. Velikaya Horvatiya: Etnogenez i rannyaya istoriya slavyan Prikarpatskogo regiona [Great Croatia: Ethnogenesis and the early history of the Slavs of the Carpathian region]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2006. 209 p. (in Russian).

    Mishin, Dmitriy Evgenyevich. Sakaliba (Slavyane) v islamskom mire v rannee srednevekov’e [Sakaliba (Slavs) in the Islamic world in the early Middle Ages]. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS) Press; Kraft+ Publ., 2002. 368 p. (in Russian).

    Myts’ko, Igor Zinoviyovych. Plisnes’k — bat’kivshchyna knyagyni Ol’gi [Plisnesk — the fartherland of princess Olga], in Konferentsiya «Оl’zhynni chytannya» [Conference «The Readings in memory of princess Olga»]. Plisnes’k, December 10th, 2005. Lviv, 2006. Pp. 61–81 (in Ukrainian).

    Myts’ko, Igor Zinoviyovych. Ukraino-ches’ki zv’yazki ta istoriya Pidgir’ya X–XI stolit’ [Ukrainian-Czech contacts and the history of the Pidgir’ye region in the 10th and 11th centuries], in P’yati «Ol’zhyni chytannya» [The 5th Readings in memory of princess Olga]. May 7th, 2010. Lviv; Brody, 2011. Pp. 63–77 (in Ukrainian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Rus’ i Germaniya v IX–X vv. [Rus’ and Germany in the 9th–10th centuries], in Drevneyshie gosudarstva Vostochnoy Evropy. 1991 [The most ancient states of Eastern Europe. 1991]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1994. Pp. 5–138 (in Russian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Drevnyaya Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putyakh: Mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh svyazey IX–XII vv. [Ancient Rus’ on international routes: Interdisciplinary essays on cultural, trade, and political relations of the 9th–12th centuries]. Moscow: «Languages of Russian culture» Publ., 2001. 784 p. (in Russian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Dve Rusi IX veka [Two Rus’s of the 9th century], in Rodina. 2002. No. 11–12. Pp. 16–22 (in Russian).

    Nikolskiy, Nikolay Konstantinovich. Povest’ vremennykh let kak istochnik dlya istorii nachal’nogo perioda russkoy pis’mennosti i kul’tury. K voprosu o drevneyshem russkom letopisanii [The Tale of Bygone Years as a source for the history of the initial period of Russian literature and culture. To the question of the most ancient Russian chronicle writing]. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Press, 1930. 106 p. (in Russian).

    Oexle, Otto Gerhard. Deystvitel’nost’ i znanie: ocherki sotsial’noy istorii Srednevekov’ya [Reality and knowledge: essays on the social history of the Middle Ages]. Trans. from German and preface by Yu. Arnautova. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2007. 360 p. (in Russian).

    Parczewski, Michał. Problem Lędzian a kształtowanie się polsko-ruskiej rubieży etnicznej [The Problem of the Lendians and the formation of the Polish-Ruthenian ethnic border], in Dębiec M., Wołoszyn M. (eds). U źródeł Europy środkowo-wschodniej: pogranicze polsko-ukraińskie w perspektywie badań archeologicznych [At the roots of Central-Eastern Europe: the Polish-Ukrainian borderland in the perspective of archaeological studies]. Rzeszow: Institute of archaeology of Rzeszow University Press, 2007. Pp. 161–176 (in Polish).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Povolkhov’e and Il’menskoe Poozer’e v IX–X vv. [The Volkhov river and Ilmen lake regions in the 9th–10th centuries]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 1996. 98 p. (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. «Mogily prevysokie»: Yazycheskie kurgany plemennoy aristokratii Severo-Zapadnoy Rusi VIII–XI vv. [«High tombs»: Pagan mounds of the tribal aristocracy of North-West Rus’ of the 8th–11th centuries]. Budapest: Open Society Institute Press, 1999. 189 p. (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Slovenin «Russkoy pravdy» i slovene «Povesti vremennykh let» [Slovenin of the «Russkaya Pravda» and Slovene of the «Tale of Bygone Years»], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2017. No. 1 (21). Pp. 39–51 (in Russian).

    Petrukhin, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Slavyane i Rus’ v «Iosippone» i «Povesti vremennykh let». K voprosu ob istochnikakh nachal’nogo russkogo letopisaniya [Slavs and Rus’ in the «Josippon» and «Tale of Bygone Years». To the question of sources of the initial Russian chronicles], in Zaborovskiy, Lev Valentinovich (ed.). Slavyane i ikh sosedi. Vyp. 5: Evreyskoe naselenie v Tsentral’noy, Vostochnoy i Yugo-Vostochnoy Evrope. Srednie veka — Novoe vremya [Slavs and their neighbors. Vol. 5: Jewish population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Middle Ages — Modern Time]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1994. Pp. 44–56 (in Russian).

    Petrukhin, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Rus’ v IX–X vekakh: Ot prizvaniya varyagov do vybora very [Rus’ in the 9th–10th centuries. From the invitation of the Varangians to the choice of faith]. 2nd ed., corrected and supplemented. Moscow: Forum Publ.; Neolit Publ., 2014. 464 p. (in Russian).

    Rashkovskiy, Boris Evgen’evich. Kniga Iosippon kak istochnik po istorii slavyan i nekotorykh drugikh narodov Vostochnoy Evropy [The book of Josippon as a source on the history of the Slavs and some other peoples of Eastern Europe], in Slavyanovedenie. 2009. No. 2. Pp. 3–15 (in Russian).

    Rappoport, Pavel Aleksandrovich. K voprosu o Plisneske [To the question of Plisnesk], in Soviet Archeology. 1965. No. 4. Pp. 92–96 (in Russian).

    Sverdlov, Mikhail Borisovich. O nazvanii novgorodskogo Slavenskogo kontsa [On the name of the Novgorod Slavensky district], in Novgorodskiy istoricheskiy sbornik. 1999. Vol. 7 (17). Pp. 15–17 (in Russian).

    Skrynnikov, Ruslan Grigor’evich. Istoricheskiy fakt i letopis’ [A historical fact and a chronicle], in Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of the Old Russian literature]. Vol. 50. St. Petersburg: Dmitriy Bulanin Publ., 1996. Pp. 310–321 (in Russian).

    Stefanovich, Petr Sergeevich. Boyare, otroki, druzhiny: voyenno-politicheskaya elita Rusi v X–XI vekakh [Boyars, otroks, guards: the military-political elite of Rus’ in the 10th–11th centuries]. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2012. 656 p. (in Russian).

    Shakhmatov, Aleksey Aleksandrovich. Skazanie o prelozhenii knig na slavyanskiy yazyk [The Tale of the translation of books into the Slavic language], in Jagić-Festschrift. Zbornik u slavu Vatroslava Jagića [Jagić-Festschrift. Miscellany in honour of Vatroslav Jagić]. Berlin, 1908. Pp. 171–188 (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Slavyanskie legendy o pervykh knyaz’yakh. Sravnitel’no-istoricheskoe issledovanie modeley vlasti u slavyan [Slavic legends on the first princes. A comparative-historical study of Slavic models of power]. Moscow: Severniy palomnik Publ., 2007. 272 ​​p. (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Yeshche raz ob identifikatsii i lokalizatsii slavyanskogo «plemeni» Λενζανῆνοι / Λενζενίνοι / *lędjane [Once again on the identification and localization of the Slavic «tribe» of Λενζανῆνοι / Λενζενίνοι / *lędjane, in Vspomogatel’nye i spetsial’nye nauki istorii v XX – nachale XXI v.: Prizvanie, tvorchestvo, obshchestvennoe sluzhenie istorika [Auxiliary and special sciences of history in the 20th – early 21st centuries: Mission, creative work, service to the societye of the historian]. Materials of the XXVI International Scientific Conference. Moscow: Russian State University of Humanities Press, 2014. Pp. 424–427 (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Slavyanskie «plemena» Vostochnoy Evropy X – pervoy poloviny XI v.: autentifikatsiya, lokalizatsiya i khronologiya [Slavic «tribes» of Eastern Europe in the 10th – the first half of the 11th century: authentication, localization and chronology], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2015. No. 2 (18). Pp. 99–133 (in Russian).

    Sikorski, Dariusz Andrzej. Początki Kościoła w Polsce: wybrane problemy [Beginnings of the Church in Poland: selected problems]. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk Publ., 2012. 342 p. (in Polish).

    Steinhübel, Ján. Kapitoly z najstarších českých dejín 531–1004 [Chapters from the early Czech history. 531–1004]. 2nd ed. Krakow: Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku — Towarzystwo Słowaków w Polsce Publ., 2012. 204 p. (in Slovak).

    Tapolcai, László. Polanie — plemię, dynastia, państwo? Skąd się wzięły nazwy Poloni i Polonia w źródłach zachodnich w końcu X i na początku XI wieku? [The Polanians — a tribe, a dynasty, a state? What was the source of the names Poloni and Polonia in western sources in the late 10th and early 11th centuries?], in Szymczakowa, Alicja (ed.). Człowiek w średniowieczu. Między biologią a historią [A Human in the Middle Ages. Between biology and history]. Lodz: Lodz University Press, 2009. Pp. 93–102 (in Polish).

    Tolochko, Aleksey Petrovich. Ocherki nachal’noy Rusi [Essays on the initial Rus’]. Kyiv; St. Petersburg: Laurus Publ., 2015. 336 p. (in Russian).

    Trubachev, Oleg Nikolaevich. Etnogenez i kul’tura drevneyshikh slavyan: Lingvisticheskie issledovaniya [Ethnogenesis and culture of the ancient Slavs. Linguistic research]. 2nd ed., updated. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2002. 489 p. (in Russian).

    Třeštík, Dušan. «Veliké město Slovanů jménem Praha». Státy a otroci ve střední Evropě v 10. století [«The great city of the Slavs by the name Prague». States and slaves in Central Europe in the 10th century], in Polanský, Luboš; Sláma, Jiří; Třeštík, Dušan (eds). Přemyslovský stát kolem roku 1000: na paměť knížete Boleslava II. [The Přemyslid state around the year 1000: in memory of prince Boleslav II]. Praha: Lidové noviny Publ., 2000. Pp. 49–70, 288–304 (in Czech).

    Třeštík, Dušan. Mýty kmene Čechů (7.–10. století). Tři studie ke «Starým pověstem Českým» [Myths of the Czech tribe. Three studies on the old Czech tales]. Praha: Lidové noviny Publ., 2003. 292 p. (in Czech).

    Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Slavic and Christian identities during transition to the Polish statehood, in Garipzanov, Ildar H.; Geary, Patrick J., Urbańczyk, Przemysław (eds). Franks, Northmen, and Slavs: identities and state formation in early medieval Europe. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. Pp. 205–222.

    Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Trudne początki Polski [Difficult origins of Poland]. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Publ., 2008. 420 p. (in Polish).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Karpats’ki khorvaty v etnopolitychnomu rozvitku Tsentral’no-Shidnoy Evropy rannyogo serednyovichcha [Carpathian Croats in the ethnopolitical development of Central-Eastern Europe of the early Middle Ages], in Ukraina v Tsentralno-Shidnoy Evropi (z naydavnishykh chasiv do kintsya ХVIII st.) [Ukraine in the Central-European Europe (from the oldest times to the late 18th century)]. Kyiv, 2004. Vol. 4. Pp. 105–132 (in Ukrainian).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Vikingi v Tsentral’no-Vostochnoy Evrope: zagadki Ladogi i Plisneska (II) [Vikings in Central and Eastern Europe: the mysteries of Ladoga and Plisnesk (II)], in Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Istoriya i filologiya. 2012. Vol. 1. Pp. 3–11 (in Russian).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Povertayuchis’ do khorvativ Kostyantina Bagryanorodnogo [Turning back to Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s Croats], in Narteks. Byzantina Ukrainensis. T. 2. ‛Pωμαĩος: sbornik statey k 60-letiyu prof. S. B. Sorochana [Narteks. Byzantina Ukrainensis. Vol. 2. ‛Pωμαĩος: a collection of articles on the 60th anniversary of prof. S. B. Sorochan]. Kharkov: Maidan Publ., 2013. Pp. 71–101 (in Ukrainian).

    Westberg, Friedrich. Kommentariy na zapisku Ibragima ibn-Yakuba o slavyanakh [A comment on the note of Ibrahim ibn-Yakub about the Slavs]. St. Petersburg: Typography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1903. 152 p. (in Russian).

    Yaylenko, Valeriy Petrovich. Pribaltiysko-finskie osnovy nazvaniy Novgorodskoy zemli Slavno, Il’men’, Merya [Baltic-Finnish roots of the names of the Novgorod land Slawno, Ilmen, Merya], in Uralo-Indogermanica. Balto-slavyanskie yazyki i problema uralo-indoevropeyskikh svyazey [Uralo-Indogermanica. Baltic-Slavic languages and the problem of the Uralic-Indoeuropean connections]. Materials of the 3rd Baltic-Slavic conference, June 18–22, 1990. Part I. Moscow: Institute of Slavic and Balkan studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Press, 1990. Pp. 35–40 (in Russian).

    Zhikh, Maksim Ivanovich. K probleme genezisa sotsial’noy topografii drevnego Novgoroda [To the problem of the genesis of the social topography of ancient Novgorod], in Novgorodika-2008. Vechevaya Respublika v istorii Rossii. Chast’ 1 [Novgorodica-2008. The Veche republic in the history of Russia. Part 1]. Velikiy Novgorod, 2009. Pp. 30–47 (in Russian).

    Zhikh, Maksim Ivanovich. Drevnie slavyane na Volyni (I tys. n. e.). Chast’ vtoraya [Ancient Slavs in Volhynia (1st millennium AD). Part Two], in Istoricheskiy format. 2016. No. 2. Pp. 59–91 (in Russian).

    Zvizdetskiy, Bogdan Andronikovich. Pro kordony Drevlyanskoy zemli [On the borders of the Drevlyanian land], in Arkheologiya. 1989. No. 4. Pp. 47–58 (in Ukrainian).

    Żmudzki, Paweł. Kulturowy kontekst nazw «Polanie», «Polacy», «Polska» w średniowiecznej historiografii polskiej i ruskiej [Cultural context of the names «Polanians», «Poles», and «Poland» in Polish and Rutheniam medieval historiography], in Gawlas, Sławomir; Żmudzki, Paweł (eds). Symboliczne i realne podstawy tożsamości społecznej w średniowieczu [Symbolic and real foundations of collective identity in the Middle Ages]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Publ., 2017. Pp. 165–219 (in Polish). Alimov, Denis Evgen’evich. Etnogenez khorvatov: Formirovanie khorvatskoy etnopoliticheskoy obschnosti v VII–IX vv. [Ethnogenesis of the Croats: The formation of the Croatian ethno-political community in the 7th–9th centuries]. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2016. 380 p. (in Russian).

    Cheshko, Sergey Viktorovich. Etnicheskaya istoriya slavyan s tochki zreniya problem etnologii [Ethnic history of the Slavs in terms of problems of ethnology], in Slavyanovedeniye. 1993. No. 2. Pp. 15–22 (in Russian).

    Curta, Florin. The making of the Slavs: History and archaeology of the Lower Danube region, c. 500–700. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 463 p.

    Dyba, Yuriy. Bat’kivschina Svyatogo Volodymyra: Volyns’ka zemlya u podiyakh X stolittya [Fatherland of St. Volodymyr: the Volhyn land in the events of the 10th century]. Lviv: Kolir PRO Publ., 2014. 484 p. (in Ukrainian).

    Dyba, Yuriy. Formuvannya terytorii «Rus’koy zemli» IX–X st. u konteksti funktsionuvannya transyevropeys’kogo shlyakhu Bulgar–Kyiv–Regensburg [Formation of the territory of the 9th–10th centuries «Rus’ land» in the context of the functional trans-European trade route Bulgar–Kiev–Rehensbourg], in Mynule i suchasne Volyni ta Polissya. Misto Volodymyr-Volyns’kiy ta Pobuzhzhya u svitoviy ta ukrayns’kiy istorii. Uspens’kiy sobor v istorii mista Volodymyra-Volyns’kogo ta Ukrainy. Naukoviy zbirnyk [Past and Present of Volhyn and Polissya. The town of Volodymyr-Volinsky and the Bug region in world and Ukrainian history. Assumption Cathedral in the history of Volodymyr-Volyns’ky and Ukraine. A collection of works]. Lutsk, 2015. Vol. 55. Pp. 42–50 (in Ukrainian).

    Dyba, Yuriy. Geografiya pochatkovoy rusi za shidnymy dzherelami [Geography of early Rus’ according to oriental sources], in Knyazha doba: Istoriya i kul’tura. Lviv, 2016. Vol. 10. Pp. 9–58 (in Ukrainian).

    Dovgan’, Petro Mykhailovych. Buzhani yak etnichny ta derzhavotvorchiy chynnyk u davniy istorii Ukrainy [The Buzhani as ethnic and state-formation factor in the early history of Ukraine], in Visnik Instytutu arheologii. 2008. Vol. 3. Pp. 46–57 (in Ukrainian).

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Zagadka plemion znad Bugu, Sanu, Dniestru i Styru [The mystery of tribes on the Bug, San, Dniester and Styr rivers], in Przegląd Historyczny. 2004. Vol. 45. Pp. 441–456 (in Polish).

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Lędzanie — how far from the Empire?, in Kaimakamova, Miliana; Salamon, Maciej (eds). Byzantium, new peoples, new powers: the Byzantino-Slav contact zone, from the ninth to the fifteenth century. Krakow: Historia Iagellonica Publ., 2007. Pp. 109–122.

    Fokt, Krzysztof. Śladami etnicznej stratygrafii, czyli u źródeł zachodniej połowy Słowiańszczyzny [On the traces of ethnic stratigraphy: an insight into the origins of the western half of the Slavdom], in Salamon, Maciej; Strzelczyk, Jerzy (eds). Wędrówka i etnogeneza w starożytności i w średniowieczu [Migration and ethnogenesis in the Antiquity and in the Middle Ages]. 2nd ed., supplemented. Krakow: Historia Iagellonica Publ., 2010. Pp. 269–289 (in Polish).

    Fried, Johannes. Święty Wojciech i Polska [St. Voitech and Poland]. Poznan: Instytut historii UAM Press, 2001. 42 p. (in Polish).

    Fylypchuk, Mikhaylo Andriyovich. Struktura Plisnes’kogo arkheologichnogo kompleksu v slov’yans’kiy ta davnyorus’kiy chas [The structure of the Plisnesk archaeological complex in the Slavic and Old Rus’ periods], in Visnyk Instytutu arkheologii. 2009. Vol. 4. Pp. 3–21 (in Ukrainian).

    Gorskiy, Anton Anatol’evich. K voprosu o sostave voyska Olega v pokhode na Tsar’grad [On the question of the composition of the army of Oleg in the campaign against Constantinople], in Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov’e: Mnimye real’nosti v antichnoy i srednevekovoy istoriografii. XIV Chteniya pamyati V. T. Pashuto [Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages: Imaginary realities in ancient and medieval historiography. XIV Readings in memory of V. T. Pashuto]. Moscow: Institute of World History (RAS) Press, 2002. Pp. 51–53 (in Russian).

    Homza, Martin. Stredná Európa I: Na začiatku stredoveku [Central Europe I: At the beginning of the Middle Ages]. Bratislava: Komensky University Press, 2014. 314 p. (in Slovak).

    Homza, Martin. A few words about the identity of the Slavs, yesterday, today and tomorrow, in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2018. No. 1 (23). Pp. 3–41.

    Ivanov, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich; Toporov, Vladimir Nikolaevich. O drevnikh slavyanskikh etnonimakh (osnovnye problemy i perspektivy) [On ancient Slavic ethnonyms (main problems and prospects)], in Iz istorii russkoy kul’tury. T. I (Drevnyaya Rus’) [From the history of Russian culture. Vol. I (Ancient Rus’)]. Moscow: «Languages of Russian culture» Publ., 2000. Pp. 413–440 (in Russian).

    Kalhous, David. Anatomy of a Duchy. The Political and Ecclesiastical Structures of Early Přemyslid Bohemia. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2012. 350 p.

    Kalinina, Tatyana Mikhaylovna. Arabskie uchenye o nashestvii normannov na Sevil’yu v 844 g. [Arab scholars about the invasion of the Normans to Seville in 844], in Drevneyshie gosudarstva Vostochnoy Evropy. 1999. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura Publ., 2001. Pp. 190–210 (in Russian).

    Khaburgaev, Georgiy Aleksandrovich. Etnonimiya «Povesti vremennykh let» v svyazi s zadachami rekonstruktsii vostochnoslavyanskogo glottogeneza [The ethnonymy of «The Tale of Bygone Years» in connection with the tasks of reconstruction of East Slavic glottogenesis]. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1979. 231 p. (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Duleby v postavarskom istoriko-politicheskom kontekste (novye napravleniya istoriografii) [The Dulebs in the post-Avar historical-political context (new trends in historiography)], in Ladoga v kontekste istorii i arheilogii severnoy Evrazii. Sbornik statey pamyati D. A. Machinskogo [Ladoga in the context of the history and archeology of northern Eurasia. Collection of articles in memory of D. A. Machinsky]. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2014. Pp. 157–165 (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeyevich. Duleby i obry (avary) Povesti vremennykh let [Dulebs and Obrs (Avars) of the Tale of Bygone Years], in Peterburg historical journal. 2017. № 3 (15). Pp. 141–161 (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Madzhak, drevniy geroy ranneslavyanskoy istorii [Madzhak, the ancient hero of early Slavic history], in Drevnyaya Rus’ vo vremeni, v lichnostyakh, v ideyakh. 2017. Vol. 7. Pp. 44–58 (in Russian).

    Kibin’, Aleksey Sergeevich. Pritcha «pogibosha aki obri» i prorochestvo psevdo-Mefodiya [Proverb «pogibosha aki obri» and the prophecy of Pseudo-Methodius], in Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov’ye. XXX Yubileynye chteniya pamyati V. T. Pashuto [Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages. XXX Commemorative Readings in Memory of V. T. Pashuto]. Moscow: Institute of World History Russian Academy of Science Press, 2018. Pp. 144–148 (in Russian).

    Kokovtsov, Pavel Konstantinovich. Evreysko-khazarskaya perepiska v X veke [Jewish-Khazar correspondence in the 10th century]. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1932. 134 p. (in Russian).

    Kollinger, Karol. Polityka wschodnia Bolesława Chrobrego (992–1025) [East policy of Boleslav the Brave (992–1025)]. Wroclaw: Chronicon Publ., 2014. 524 p. (in Polish).

    Konetskiy, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Sotsial’naya organizatsiya Priil’men’ya i formirovanie korennoy territorii Novgoroskoy zemli v kontse I tys. n. e. [The social organization of the population of Priilmenye and the formation of the indigenous territory of the Novgorod land at the end of the 1st millenium AD], in Novgorod i Novgorodskaya zemlya. Istoriya i arkheologiya. 1995. Vol. 9. Pp. 31–40 (in Russian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. «Lenzyany» v konteksti Kyivs’koy Rusi [The Lendians in the context of Kyiv Rus’], in Zbіrnik naukovykh prats Naukovo-doslіdnogo instytutu ukrainnoznavstva. 2007. Vol. XV. Pp. 256–272 (in Ukrainian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. Lenzaninoi Konstyantina Bagryanorodnogo u konteksti problem lyakhiv-lendzyan [Constantinus Porphyrogenitus’s Lenzaninoi in the context of the problem of the Lachi-Lędzianie], in Visnyk Kyivs’kogo natsional’nogo universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. 2007. Vol. 11. Pp. 4–7 (in Ukrainian).

    Koncha, Sergiy Viktorovich. «Lenzyany» i «polyany» [Lendians and Polanians], in Ukrainoznavstvo. 2008. Vol. 12. Pp. 47–49 (in Ukrainian).

    Kuczyński, Stefan Maria. Studia z dziejów Europy Wschodniej [Studies on the history of Eastern Europe]. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Publ., 1965. 272 p. (in Polish).

    Labuda, Gerard. Kraków biskupi przed rokiem 1000. Przyczynek do dyskusji nad dziejami misji metodiańskiej w Polsce [Bishops of Cracow before the year 1000. A contribution to the discussion on Methodius’s mission in Poland], in Studia Historyczne. 1984. Issue XXVII. Vol. 3 (106). Pp. 371–412 (in Polish).

    Labuda, Gerard. Studia nad początkami państwa polskiego [Studies on the origin of the Polish state]. Vol. II. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Publ., 1988. 566 p. (in Polish).

    Lyaska, Vitaliy Mikhailovich. Mіzh Pragoyu, Kiyvom ta Hnezno. Zeriuane / zuireani «Geografa Bavars’kogo»: do proplemy etnopotestarnykh struktur Volyni u rannyomu Serednyovichchi [Between Prague, Kyiv and Gniezno. The Bavarian Geographer’s Zeriuane / Zuireani: To the problems of Volhynia’s ethno-potestarian structures in the early Middle Ages], in Knyazha Doba: Istoriya i kul’tura. Lviv, 2014. Vol. 8. Pp. 9–72 (in Ukrainian).

    Lyaska, Vitaliy Mikhailovich. Vid pleminnnogo soyuzu do knyazivs’kogo udilu: Buzheska volost’ u serednyovichchi [From a tribal union to prince land: The Bug region in the Middle Ages], in Visnyk L’vivskogo universytetu. Seriya istorychna. 2016. Vol. 52. Pp. 11–52 (in Ukrainian).

    Łowmiański, Henryk. Początki Polski: Z dziejów Słowian w I tysiącleciu n. e. [The origins of Poland. From the history of the Slavs in the 1st millennium A. D.]. Vol. IV. Warszaw: Państwowe wydawnictwo naukowe Publ., 1970. 538 p. (in Polish).

    Makarski, Władysław. Pogranicze polsko-ruskie do połowy wieku XIV. Studium językowo-etniczne [The Polish-Ruthenian borderland before the mid-14th century. A linguistical-ethnological study]. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Publ., 1996. 328 p. (in Polish).

    Matla-Kozłowska, Marzena. Pierwsi Przemyślidzi i ich państwo (od X do połowy XI wieku). Expansja terytorialna i jej polityczne uwarunkowania [The first Přemyslids and their state (from the 10th to the mid-11th century). The territorial expansion and its political conditions]. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie Publ., 2008. 580 p. (in Polish).

    Mayorov, Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich. Velikaya Horvatiya: Etnogenez i rannyaya istoriya slavyan Prikarpatskogo regiona [Great Croatia: Ethnogenesis and the early history of the Slavs of the Carpathian region]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2006. 209 p. (in Russian).

    Mishin, Dmitriy Evgenyevich. Sakaliba (Slavyane) v islamskom mire v rannee srednevekov’e [Sakaliba (Slavs) in the Islamic world in the early Middle Ages]. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS) Press; Kraft+ Publ., 2002. 368 p. (in Russian).

    Myts’ko, Igor Zinoviyovych. Plisnes’k — bat’kivshchyna knyagyni Ol’gi [Plisnesk — the fartherland of princess Olga], in Konferentsiya «Оl’zhynni chytannya» [Conference «The Readings in memory of princess Olga»]. Plisnes’k, December 10th, 2005. Lviv, 2006. Pp. 61–81 (in Ukrainian).

    Myts’ko, Igor Zinoviyovych. Ukraino-ches’ki zv’yazki ta istoriya Pidgir’ya X–XI stolit’ [Ukrainian-Czech contacts and the history of the Pidgir’ye region in the 10th and 11th centuries], in P’yati «Ol’zhyni chytannya» [The 5th Readings in memory of princess Olga]. May 7th, 2010. Lviv; Brody, 2011. Pp. 63–77 (in Ukrainian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Rus’ i Germaniya v IX–X vv. [Rus’ and Germany in the 9th–10th centuries], in Drevneyshie gosudarstva Vostochnoy Evropy. 1991 [The most ancient states of Eastern Europe. 1991]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1994. Pp. 5–138 (in Russian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Drevnyaya Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putyakh: Mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh svyazey IX–XII vv. [Ancient Rus’ on international routes: Interdisciplinary essays on cultural, trade, and political relations of the 9th–12th centuries]. Moscow: «Languages of Russian culture» Publ., 2001. 784 p. (in Russian).

    Nazarenko, Aleksandr Vasilyevich. Dve Rusi IX veka [Two Rus’s of the 9th century], in Rodina. 2002. No. 11–12. Pp. 16–22 (in Russian).

    Nikolskiy, Nikolay Konstantinovich. Povest’ vremennykh let kak istochnik dlya istorii nachal’nogo perioda russkoy pis’mennosti i kul’tury. K voprosu o drevneyshem russkom letopisanii [The Tale of Bygone Years as a source for the history of the initial period of Russian literature and culture. To the question of the most ancient Russian chronicle writing]. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Press, 1930. 106 p. (in Russian).

    Oexle, Otto Gerhard. Deystvitel’nost’ i znanie: ocherki sotsial’noy istorii Srednevekov’ya [Reality and knowledge: essays on the social history of the Middle Ages]. Trans. from German and preface by Yu. Arnautova. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2007. 360 p. (in Russian).

    Parczewski, Michał. Problem Lędzian a kształtowanie się polsko-ruskiej rubieży etnicznej [The Problem of the Lendians and the formation of the Polish-Ruthenian ethnic border], in Dębiec M., Wołoszyn M. (eds). U źródeł Europy środkowo-wschodniej: pogranicze polsko-ukraińskie w perspektywie badań archeologicznych [At the roots of Central-Eastern Europe: the Polish-Ukrainian borderland in the perspective of archaeological studies]. Rzeszow: Institute of archaeology of Rzeszow University Press, 2007. Pp. 161–176 (in Polish).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Povolkhov’e and Il’menskoe Poozer’e v IX–X vv. [The Volkhov river and Ilmen lake regions in the 9th–10th centuries]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 1996. 98 p. (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. «Mogily prevysokie»: Yazycheskie kurgany plemennoy aristokratii Severo-Zapadnoy Rusi VIII–XI vv. [«High tombs»: Pagan mounds of the tribal aristocracy of North-West Rus’ of the 8th–11th centuries]. Budapest: Open Society Institute Press, 1999. 189 p. (in Russian).

    Petrov, Nikolay Igorevich. Slovenin «Russkoy pravdy» i slovene «Povesti vremennykh let» [Slovenin of the «Russkaya Pravda» and Slovene of the «Tale of Bygone Years»], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2017. No. 1 (21). Pp. 39–51 (in Russian).

    Petrukhin, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Slavyane i Rus’ v «Iosippone» i «Povesti vremennykh let». K voprosu ob istochnikakh nachal’nogo russkogo letopisaniya [Slavs and Rus’ in the «Josippon» and «Tale of Bygone Years». To the question of sources of the initial Russian chronicles], in Zaborovskiy, Lev Valentinovich (ed.). Slavyane i ikh sosedi. Vyp. 5: Evreyskoe naselenie v Tsentral’noy, Vostochnoy i Yugo-Vostochnoy Evrope. Srednie veka — Novoe vremya [Slavs and their neighbors. Vol. 5: Jewish population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Middle Ages — Modern Time]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1994. Pp. 44–56 (in Russian).

    Petrukhin, Vladimir Yakovlevich. Rus’ v IX–X vekakh: Ot prizvaniya varyagov do vybora very [Rus’ in the 9th–10th centuries. From the invitation of the Varangians to the choice of faith]. 2nd ed., corrected and supplemented. Moscow: Forum Publ.; Neolit Publ., 2014. 464 p. (in Russian).

    Rashkovskiy, Boris Evgen’evich. Kniga Iosippon kak istochnik po istorii slavyan i nekotorykh drugikh narodov Vostochnoy Evropy [The book of Josippon as a source on the history of the Slavs and some other peoples of Eastern Europe], in Slavyanovedenie. 2009. No. 2. Pp. 3–15 (in Russian).

    Rappoport, Pavel Aleksandrovich. K voprosu o Plisneske [To the question of Plisnesk], in Soviet Archeology. 1965. No. 4. Pp. 92–96 (in Russian).

    Sverdlov, Mikhail Borisovich. O nazvanii novgorodskogo Slavenskogo kontsa [On the name of the Novgorod Slavensky district], in Novgorodskiy istoricheskiy sbornik. 1999. Vol. 7 (17). Pp. 15–17 (in Russian).

    Skrynnikov, Ruslan Grigor’evich. Istoricheskiy fakt i letopis’ [A historical fact and a chronicle], in Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of the Old Russian literature]. Vol. 50. St. Petersburg: Dmitriy Bulanin Publ., 1996. Pp. 310–321 (in Russian).

    Stefanovich, Petr Sergeevich. Boyare, otroki, druzhiny: voyenno-politicheskaya elita Rusi v X–XI vekakh [Boyars, otroks, guards: the military-political elite of Rus’ in the 10th–11th centuries]. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2012. 656 p. (in Russian).

    Shakhmatov, Aleksey Aleksandrovich. Skazanie o prelozhenii knig na slavyanskiy yazyk [The Tale of the translation of books into the Slavic language], in Jagić-Festschrift. Zbornik u slavu Vatroslava Jagića [Jagić-Festschrift. Miscellany in honour of Vatroslav Jagić]. Berlin, 1908. Pp. 171–188 (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Slavyanskie legendy o pervykh knyaz’yakh. Sravnitel’no-istoricheskoe issledovanie modeley vlasti u slavyan [Slavic legends on the first princes. A comparative-historical study of Slavic models of power]. Moscow: Severniy palomnik Publ., 2007. 272 ​​p. (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Yeshche raz ob identifikatsii i lokalizatsii slavyanskogo «plemeni» Λενζανῆνοι / Λενζενίνοι / *lędjane [Once again on the identification and localization of the Slavic «tribe» of Λενζανῆνοι / Λενζενίνοι / *lędjane, in Vspomogatel’nye i spetsial’nye nauki istorii v XX – nachale XXI v.: Prizvanie, tvorchestvo, obshchestvennoe sluzhenie istorika [Auxiliary and special sciences of history in the 20th – early 21st centuries: Mission, creative work, service to the societye of the historian]. Materials of the XXVI International Scientific Conference. Moscow: Russian State University of Humanities Press, 2014. Pp. 424–427 (in Russian).

    Shchavelev, Aleksey Sergeevich. Slavyanskie «plemena» Vostochnoy Evropy X – pervoy poloviny XI v.: autentifikatsiya, lokalizatsiya i khronologiya [Slavic «tribes» of Eastern Europe in the 10th – the first half of the 11th century: authentication, localization and chronology], in Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2015. No. 2 (18). Pp. 99–133 (in Russian).

    Sikorski, Dariusz Andrzej. Początki Kościoła w Polsce: wybrane problemy [Beginnings of the Church in Poland: selected problems]. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk Publ., 2012. 342 p. (in Polish).

    Steinhübel, Ján. Kapitoly z najstarších českých dejín 531–1004 [Chapters from the early Czech history. 531–1004]. 2nd ed. Krakow: Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku — Towarzystwo Słowaków w Polsce Publ., 2012. 204 p. (in Slovak).

    Tapolcai, László. Polanie — plemię, dynastia, państwo? Skąd się wzięły nazwy Poloni i Polonia w źródłach zachodnich w końcu X i na początku XI wieku? [The Polanians — a tribe, a dynasty, a state? What was the source of the names Poloni and Polonia in western sources in the late 10th and early 11th centuries?], in Szymczakowa, Alicja (ed.). Człowiek w średniowieczu. Między biologią a historią [A Human in the Middle Ages. Between biology and history]. Lodz: Lodz University Press, 2009. Pp. 93–102 (in Polish).

    Tolochko, Aleksey Petrovich. Ocherki nachal’noy Rusi [Essays on the initial Rus’]. Kyiv; St. Petersburg: Laurus Publ., 2015. 336 p. (in Russian).

    Trubachev, Oleg Nikolaevich. Etnogenez i kul’tura drevneyshikh slavyan: Lingvisticheskie issledovaniya [Ethnogenesis and culture of the ancient Slavs. Linguistic research]. 2nd ed., updated. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2002. 489 p. (in Russian).

    Třeštík, Dušan. «Veliké město Slovanů jménem Praha». Státy a otroci ve střední Evropě v 10. století [«The great city of the Slavs by the name Prague». States and slaves in Central Europe in the 10th century], in Polanský, Luboš; Sláma, Jiří; Třeštík, Dušan (eds). Přemyslovský stát kolem roku 1000: na paměť knížete Boleslava II. [The Přemyslid state around the year 1000: in memory of prince Boleslav II]. Praha: Lidové noviny Publ., 2000. Pp. 49–70, 288–304 (in Czech).

    Třeštík, Dušan. Mýty kmene Čechů (7.–10. století). Tři studie ke «Starým pověstem Českým» [Myths of the Czech tribe. Three studies on the old Czech tales]. Praha: Lidové noviny Publ., 2003. 292 p. (in Czech).

    Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Slavic and Christian identities during transition to the Polish statehood, in Garipzanov, Ildar H.; Geary, Patrick J., Urbańczyk, Przemysław (eds). Franks, Northmen, and Slavs: identities and state formation in early medieval Europe. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. Pp. 205–222.

    Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Trudne początki Polski [Difficult origins of Poland]. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Publ., 2008. 420 p. (in Polish).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Karpats’ki khorvaty v etnopolitychnomu rozvitku Tsentral’no-Shidnoy Evropy rannyogo serednyovichcha [Carpathian Croats in the ethnopolitical development of Central-Eastern Europe of the early Middle Ages], in Ukraina v Tsentralno-Shidnoy Evropi (z naydavnishykh chasiv do kintsya ХVIII st.) [Ukraine in the Central-European Europe (from the oldest times to the late 18th century)]. Kyiv, 2004. Vol. 4. Pp. 105–132 (in Ukrainian).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Vikingi v Tsentral’no-Vostochnoy Evrope: zagadki Ladogi i Plisneska (II) [Vikings in Central and Eastern Europe: the mysteries of Ladoga and Plisnesk (II)], in Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Istoriya i filologiya. 2012. Vol. 1. Pp. 3–11 (in Russian).

    Voytovych, Leontiy Viktorovich. Povertayuchis’ do khorvativ Kostyantina Bagryanorodnogo [Turning back to Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s Croats], in Narteks. Byzantina Ukrainensis. T. 2. ‛Pωμαĩος: sbornik statey k 60-letiyu prof. S. B. Sorochana [Narteks. Byzantina Ukrainensis. Vol. 2. ‛Pωμαĩος: a collection of articles on the 60th anniversary of prof. S. B. Sorochan]. Kharkov: Maidan Publ., 2013. Pp. 71–101 (in Ukrainian).

    Westberg, Friedrich. Kommentariy na zapisku Ibragima ibn-Yakuba o slavyanakh [A comment on the note of Ibrahim ibn-Yakub about the Slavs]. St. Petersburg: Typography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1903. 152 p. (in Russian).

    Yaylenko, Valeriy Petrovich. Pribaltiysko-finskie osnovy nazvaniy Novgorodskoy zemli Slavno, Il’men’, Merya [Baltic-Finnish roots of the names of the Novgorod land Slawno, Ilmen, Merya], in Uralo-Indogermanica. Balto-slavyanskie yazyki i problema uralo-indoevropeyskikh svyazey [Uralo-Indogermanica. Baltic-Slavic languages and the problem of the Uralic-Indoeuropean connections]. Materials of the 3rd Baltic-Slavic conference, June 18–22, 1990. Part I. Moscow: Institute of Slavic and Balkan studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Press, 1990. Pp. 35–40 (in Russian).

    Zhikh, Maksim Ivanovich. K probleme genezisa sotsial’noy topografii drevnego Novgoroda [To the problem of the genesis of the social topography of ancient Novgorod], in Novgorodika-2008. Vechevaya Respublika v istorii Rossii. Chast’ 1 [Novgorodica-2008. The Veche republic in the history of Russia. Part 1]. Velikiy Novgorod, 2009. Pp. 30–47 (in Russian).

    Zhikh, Maksim Ivanovich. Drevnie slavyane na Volyni (I tys. n. e.). Chast’ vtoraya [Ancient Slavs in Volhynia (1st millennium AD). Part Two], in Istoricheskiy format. 2016. No. 2. Pp. 59–91 (in Russian).

    Zvizdetskiy, Bogdan Andronikovich. Pro kordony Drevlyanskoy zemli [On the borders of the Drevlyanian land], in Arkheologiya. 1989. No. 4. Pp. 47–58 (in Ukrainian).

    Żmudzki, Paweł. Kulturowy kontekst nazw «Polanie», «Polacy», «Polska» w średniowiecznej historiografii polskiej i ruskiej [Cultural context of the names «Polanians», «Poles», and «Poland» in Polish and Rutheniam medieval historiography], in Gawlas, Sławomir; Żmudzki, Paweł (eds). Symboliczne i realne podstawy tożsamości społecznej w średniowieczu [Symbolic and real foundations of collective identity in the Middle Ages]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Publ., 2017. Pp. 165–219 (in Polish).

 

Tags: identity, ethnicity, slovene, Slavic identity, DISPUTATIO / DISCUSSION, ALIMOV D. E., Slavic ethnicity

  • Hits: 1317